diff --git a/fixtures/chain-intermediate.crt b/fixtures/chain-intermediate.crt
index b54d4dea..23649e14 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-intermediate.crt
+++ b/fixtures/chain-intermediate.crt
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+Ei0=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain-intermediate.key b/fixtures/chain-intermediate.key
index 0a6bc8c9..9384a382 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-intermediate.key
+++ b/fixtures/chain-intermediate.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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+6zjlVui6OD9uhvUA/4qLxWrndA==
 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain-leaf.crt b/fixtures/chain-leaf.crt
index 8f25af31..67b61f78 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-leaf.crt
+++ b/fixtures/chain-leaf.crt
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDMjCCAhqgAwIBAgICEAAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwHDEaMBgGA1UEAwwRVEVT
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+pGU38OlEBXg=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain-leaf.key b/fixtures/chain-leaf.key
index bf579a9b..5eeab492 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-leaf.key
+++ b/fixtures/chain-leaf.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain-root.crt b/fixtures/chain-root.crt
index cbddc8f4..a563381d 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-root.crt
+++ b/fixtures/chain-root.crt
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain-root.key b/fixtures/chain-root.key
index 1bccb0af..2843cb66 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain-root.key
+++ b/fixtures/chain-root.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain.crt b/fixtures/chain.crt
index ce52dfd9..794acb14 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain.crt
+++ b/fixtures/chain.crt
@@ -1,56 +1,57 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+pGU38OlEBXg=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+X3pa1EbREXx/Mp0dVaKF1TVLilz3Yfv9O7HgnrISP27XRW/tXqSXpcprMbBa4KOq
+rCxdGvrdm2ZLvXRrCIxHpdUgoUUZURwuR4dQJ/+DWcO11iAzmtwd5a8wvYLxd0ml
+S+djzZhtvrNEXE1cYeZ24uaX54Odz+w9doGMeizuwRgFN7bmqG233ctBaPMYhjbv
+0KzQ+dyygVRZdATYbgTEs+pr95m4J28+gKf+NoQtks5NZt3MbL2m+AOzHB88mMdn
+Ei0=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIC5TCCAc2gAwIBAgIUXtcOjsFS175nGr07+htPEPGe2bYwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
-BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJVEVTVC1yb290MB4XDTIzMDgwMTAxNDUxM1oXDTMzMDcy
-OTAxNDUxM1owFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJVEVTVC1yb290MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEF
-AAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1cgfqUNIP0L356sUVEieG0ObtMDrnwnEXGSXX7c3dlSd
-oiXJStYDsC+DbyV2+yV24sgkDJM2YwuWvKntHb56hVXzeTydWekDrfLlHw9alYml
-llJUXbsTIBBUdk2aT/dFzPyZTN8HhtU8327w7latxKJXrYNpJCn6fcRtSSyo6dIm
-QXxvyF/kMLHIirBoOHGKXVVfZFRrDafFbux//1duw+TIjUfVin0rQE/z28iN+3TY
-ihXtJ2fhVm+WWR1w7IzoLFV6Xu23JIk92Fxvowho4p6BTOzsGeHPdlPoR0b5ECbI
-8VqSLgsa8WOPLmxTNmcuk1BHYVf+Dr3YU/Xb9TBa5QIDAQABoy8wLTAMBgNVHRME
-BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBQQa7p2w8Z93WcH8rACLeg40cpRCDANBgkqhkiG9w0B
-AQsFAAOCAQEAXp7kVoWuGbI1nep/FTL+PVptYQzD4IfnsonSKZvB7yYcGS0OZtGI
-cNr52WOx4EpksG58JsQxjowu5kAdeSwGI5cCKdAWMA/BpJhT+uOP+9Y+QBXFBM25
-50cZax5FFFCKWUcOrv7SSeaGRe3X13G6pPULwwS5WqFb0LZdL0gI9GxN0S9X6F/N
-g+T0akcluAe6xNIltnw6AeaUQXzK+jy/3zuSAulh6oiSm7kTU9kXLZ3Xiobko/MB
-PaDKL+Ygt0c2hX5TRVJQ2Bdvn5z5kkBJxT7Rb9uj8kT9JETbwQD3bssZB+tPkwvE
-O5mpOpR0Jkni8lJmOYrRYz9Jf9Cm0uQWlw==
+MIIC5zCCAc+gAwIBAgIUWI3e7L5VNU/7A19a1cT5MN8eGW8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
+BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJVEVTVC1yb290MCAXDTIzMDkwNzE4MzIwMloYDzIxMjMw
+ODE0MTgzMjAyWjAUMRIwEAYDVQQDDAlURVNULXJvb3QwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEB
+AQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQChd2794ivOjU0hYWYmw6chycWNoqj9jaypzPEWirEY
+OqNE39bk0S5m8WX7474H4F6RGsA1POgtM0V66uyWI2t+cAbxwOM6jIzdLPLQkNvR
++98J2k3FiyJ2rk+RzyZZNGjoY+/lPsfSQmHcHjqdxNDYZ/kqVquQoyoEkeYilK7m
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+EwQFMAMBAf8wHQYDVR0OBBYEFIHB/YiQmnAKts2CoxwoTBN8VYsHMA0GCSqGSIb3
+DQEBCwUAA4IBAQA8Fk7tyPIPBQCSqcceU3PlcHbvF6PMRm7JWvHYXdmmYPmbOBcu
+BwGi03Zbi70+LweGzpwUlh4MqdY2mAxncdJ8KabM0gy/idZLn+X4wkVrRW2uI1MV
+Kj/YoepGPRU84hleppIg86rNYpsaTumQWmvP6qyxEzml7jogc6nBiL/1Ljzh80v5
+28gFQwom2txIjRMf6tSR9IcnR7LjPaA/049DUipv0ApUf8q3YZMpxykoeh9Xlb9H
+KdscXn8Ev2LbHKa0J/TwMkD0+xswa824u0fvDwn9ysGKbp7M8boTLjfPWXFTbRwx
+PBpautWaDq2qckzi5QyRe8OcdJMzwxo7qqCa
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/chain.key b/fixtures/chain.key
index bf579a9b..5eeab492 100644
--- a/fixtures/chain.key
+++ b/fixtures/chain.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKYwggSiAgEAAoIBAQCiLsCk5U0Xb0VS
-RaHJNd1q/X2aAgf7EPGi/4ul6XpZp8gT3iRu6sErsRc33JS2svKRN0eRMXduvTO3
-q9S6aGgMAZUzy7jlDUzgRu8AckEiOATxfvb+4Bz0zGy/pVw0bIUiYDMOeJ8RgX0M
-VT6NrBTztDAj6npTXrtRYzD+SoOq4NkVYCxzDAJtO1+QIe59WJGCK5wz+VjfUbJb
-xbpQFs1de17uq3LrE6BqksKiZsIgd4vGAembsrIm8Z5Uv3bAJukLFtlL380sCrhR
-M84IelbSPKQLTjAwPcVFvgC+SS0ezD3I5Og2FcZqVnLSyjAsCmeq5FENll1y66i3
-QxK0XtQ7AgMBAAECggEAAmfHG6r69boEwS+fMqjF2+xejIYzMBoUO2Km45MO6X1/
-jivhRnPc4ZUCzyVKX1tQFa9INHMTXmUX+0VlJk6eHG95kwcWeu8zkK/8o3kOVj+W
-cy5641TXmRnfEwiU0YI6h0P9/dz0HwJYpHIvN1KyDNtDS4USw2HITXC3LU5VnZcq
-FWdjKTQNdnm5AamTyov2SXb9LKJkxicCKxyJODuMYWe6MX0G51DUvmfWr5bQ3VbD
-eOG1Nf1g2pSaDA+xYTeLwrn/LvdATzXsvQZdD2y5u3m11WZFoczHA6MNciyt5Jk2
-kkXJlfxn10A3GXsedWxE1mq/VZ3l+vO311mdoqRiIQKBgQDQLxlkmmy3lbbNfVZc
-yr8+7dal1puBTc2ZfIq7Kr4ZSCXaVO41hLpi299OY1UEOdoKfnFBg6c1icDuSfvi
-MivU9a70h0XBTJXTYK+6FWXoRsiF9Ale/JmgMU/n0QiWoHMoi+jsXgQZ1WyUXcR6
-45HDbzfSnZIKrTyfJu8LuT9arwKBgQDHbtgDvXA8ewZJi0RWq0oXNS5XYr9ySe94
-LpWCoXT8hgeqNM8Ly43mUXHZiGsrbIHmgkAKJhylthc9CUCRJ4w0JL7UtkPZtcgi
-UaydfJ4io9Sx0KgZ38e/1bq3rolC7kESNpGeJHMrF4hUAI2gEgZEtf0m5rzKpaGo
-4yu8HVtSNQKBgBTi1MpaD9QvSgK9s19l2+AFXoaOzFUhqCHg884pUJ8atOl9odRu
-t4BZjMLBhnMBFtX8r4IiIjFl25xMgd/Eps8bwuy3cZEeDN4DEj46DVpLV6zQuev0
-rbj7mYepWhI6kLMdrkWgfQrWdalA6whlMmeIDfKsak116eIRtuPXNvrzAoGAUVHW
-TTgaot67QpPCCuEPdgUeX02JqO2S8ttz5W82h52TVIjx/+pBcy+0j7H7mRpGoZps
-yHaf6cYlFaNHK6kHl1+AXLXxVr2z3KKXEyR0SsWo/dSKJvrDtWpOF4XYvGzwJaAQ
-on5UY7bVxQLwvNt8qNnYXttpEeyVzYrME4mY6h0CgYBBVY08DRSkrrBwiY9sQWbF
-XVdWuffdLuuI27lVcBl0UwJh37EwXN0fsWhZ3upAitAzE3aBNwF5KHvq00yCsMKr
-A4bo7DeckePIfCAxdvp8kAuq+NwW8tkpMcqeb1ja2TPrgSy9eyHingzvMtYNDTxB
-i45lVy8xNJU85Fmzex0B0g==
+MIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKYwggSiAgEAAoIBAQC4onKc9wCK84ly
+fOluwledZku7qt+o+PJZj0ruPZK98OMA0v+91Tn6SR+Q+AOtc8y2wWpmFRGkv8TT
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+4cABQbMX8cT6ZsLCoJYc8x9loYfcIqBKY1zPVXMIi51YIvZVzXY0a0nsuFDrallH
+oQoKL31cSq/TufXwHLVYT+eLFuAw2UUBdVAKBDPHrpUsFMDQY6k6Wuij3CMD1Cfe
+vl428sCYkrQSJME/GB/c84aJcles3YPBPXYJAOu8Rqnl4m54dqr+e0YCJfKh5C3b
+GN967CuPSqeQNs/gTLqBf5tstOxRV08392fW7RJp3tbz9531wn9ocud2NHN91MXL
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+t7PQgC8dMLBpuG/7sMVUw44MwwmL7TN0uATDOEm0NBtjpthtm/XAjelnGXgZuNA7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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fixtures/generate.bash b/fixtures/generate.bash
index f028ea70..b70b1150 100755
--- a/fixtures/generate.bash
+++ b/fixtures/generate.bash
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ function prepare() {
      nameopt        = default_ca
      certopt        = default_ca
      policy         = policy_match
-     default_days   = 365
+     default_days   = 36500
      default_md     = sha256
 
      [ policy_match ]
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ function chain() {
 
   # Create root certificate and key.
   openssl genrsa -out root/private/ca.key 2048
-  openssl req -new -x509 -sha256 -days 3650 \
+  openssl req -new -x509 -sha256 -days 36500 \
           -config root/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req \
           -key root/private/ca.key --out root/certs/ca.crt \
           -subj '/CN=TEST-root'
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ function chain() {
           -out intermediate/certs/intermediate.crt
 
   # Create a key and request for an end certificate.
-  openssl req -new -days 365 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
+  openssl req -new -days 36500 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
           -config out/openssl.cnf -extensions v3_req \
           -keyout out/private/localhost.key -out out/certs/localhost.csr \
           -subj "/CN=localhost"
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ function chain() {
 # non-signing generates a self-signed certificate that has cert signing
 # explicitly omitted.
 function non-signing() {
-  openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
+  openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -days 36500 \
           -keyout no-signing.key -out no-signing.crt \
           -addext "keyUsage = digitalSignature, keyEncipherment" \
           -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost" \
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ function non-signing() {
 
 # self-signed generates a certificate without specifying key usage.
 function self-signed() {
-  openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 \
+  openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -days 36500 \
           -keyout self-signed.key -out self-signed.crt \
           -addext "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost" \
           -subj "/CN=localhost"
diff --git a/fixtures/no-signing.crt b/fixtures/no-signing.crt
index b1d44acf..4f919f7e 100644
--- a/fixtures/no-signing.crt
+++ b/fixtures/no-signing.crt
@@ -1,19 +1,20 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
-MIIDLDCCAhSgAwIBAgIUZVpY6+MUJZuW/UJhu7r8crizzh0wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEL
-BQAwFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MB4XDTIzMDgwMTAxMDQ0OFoXDTIzMDgz
-MTAxMDQ0OFowFDESMBAGA1UEAwwJbG9jYWxob3N0MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEF
-AAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEAzIxlOvO0DmWd0a2dA3f3uy6VuQ6kLHp+D4QNUvzAqSGE
-y6WCUQD0UWxqC+tXoHq9wX35qPPon9Ei2e3VarWv9Fc0BNN2I2pMgJDipxjuQC+P
-RMwDwCD+zsVQbfTel2ntfP4OAcs58964Rc9ZgMiZwxBWMOBbTUt68R3ba/oKKdEV
-AOBequ32qrmLMhNzFKdEooe8DzpPOXO3kaTxOoSUTx85UJfwdL+6vFYhDHJ6pvRU
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+xAQzV8KpX2iRytKja/LLZd75TKsnR1LAtCwBo3gtIqxIxozFF2QproY7zKBJgYMS
+72JL/B1A94iFgz6INugE8lyUTblBTC0C7zlvYpuA0WKTVOb5RCUhkfK/KaOcy6tm
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+gHFhGLiM0pCBVO5G6J85rfQca5S5dkAEFZlzfo+iKNeE8TFq8X/dbGaYUNYmdMGt
+dyc=
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/no-signing.key b/fixtures/no-signing.key
index f8fdcda2..9e3d446f 100644
--- a/fixtures/no-signing.key
+++ b/fixtures/no-signing.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIEvgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKgwggSkAgEAAoIBAQDMjGU687QOZZ3R
-rZ0Dd/e7LpW5DqQsen4PhA1S/MCpIYTLpYJRAPRRbGoL61eger3Bffmo8+if0SLZ
-7dVqta/0VzQE03YjakyAkOKnGO5AL49EzAPAIP7OxVBt9N6Xae18/g4Byznz3rhF
-z1mAyJnDEFYw4FtNS3rxHdtr+gop0RUA4F6q7faquYsyE3MUp0Sih7wPOk85c7eR
-pPE6hJRPHzlQl/B0v7q8ViEMcnqm9FRC8mPsb4fTdgvjMEpG5wCUjeNxo0Bw2bkk
-ICWK/jI/OjY8SXZoV8bYMvmVWENTxLjraJNemc/BJAC2WhI0oT7FPOqy6x94lX9g
-USepMZgLAgMBAAECggEAN+IvkgCc88X9bRjCqfzvuLsMeseuQNyibjjErySQumSG
-9GBejyT0mv5EpscAZL7D8wYo3Gju6CLqI6IfyYyj6tycQKlJQHm9Nu7ejYp5JR4Z
-RVF7wNUC6Jjt1WyuF64ADUMXrpPIXIE/1QrGSDIGGE3xTl8tcpuplhBzLzfb6PpR
-8A0aJnVSDeWWrJbVlBeAHZpOwx5Ty0RiP2qKcqY/56CvXNOPOyHAZ2DSEXoUGLVJ
-WK6lDTXqJe4TGbV2OFOEUs37ZLT+szJm6pZfjO4+n+Ne9v2SXrkrZZY4dKvEJ7zk
-HOi/J0Sp7Wp530AzyPqeUYqjkuWSJyHqlP2KyQa40QKBgQD7FJ4bvOINF5J5jTqX
-cKJm7Iev8dBq5kqlnkabPA131UD6leozxhDy46tJJIe5Gf3bvOXia6pvzBQwFpK2
-HhMKrZeklNDYGOf8Q1qqpyvy+oMX9UVQAj0Gmix1TJ90hEXr6M1QCosv3iUHBVy3
-fX0mQ2ejYTKUy2H0451dsJ1bqQKBgQDQjmEy4T5N7Vj1rNUNaXgH6o1q5wYjYif5
-4/kRP37WnowtLbu0foObuMtr4feSqEQQQ+++JDxcKNXtPtw7cgWFdeuIpKBfynBM
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fixtures/self-signed.crt b/fixtures/self-signed.crt
index 4a0c4c0f..35e8e909 100644
--- a/fixtures/self-signed.crt
+++ b/fixtures/self-signed.crt
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/fixtures/self-signed.key b/fixtures/self-signed.key
index 43961729..7764e272 100644
--- a/fixtures/self-signed.key
+++ b/fixtures/self-signed.key
@@ -1,28 +1,28 @@
 -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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 -----END PRIVATE KEY-----