Create energy_mass_equivalent.py

Fixes TheAlgorithms#9191

Added energy mass equivalence formulae for stationary as well as moving mass

Author: chaitanyabatra

Diff for: physics/energy_mass_equivalent.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import scipy.constants as const
+import math
+
+
+def energy_equivalent_for_stationary_mass(mass_kg):
+    """
+    Calculate the energy equivalent for a given mass using E=mc^2.
+
+    Parameters:
+        mass_kg (float): Mass in kilograms.(must be positive)
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Energy equivalent in joules.
+
+    >>>energy_equivalent_for_stationary_mass(4)                 
+    3.5950207149472704e+17
+
+    """
+    if mass_kg<0:
+        ValueError("mass of object cannot be negative")
+      
+    speed_of_light = const.speed_of_light  # Speed of light in meters/second
+    energy_joules = mass_kg * (speed_of_light ** 2)
+    return energy_joules
+
+
+def energy_equivalent_for_moving_mass(mass_kg, velocity_m_s):
+    """
+    Calculate the energy equivalent for a moving mass using relativistic energy-momentum relation(E^2= m^2*c^4 +p^2*c^2).
+
+    Parameters:
+        mass_kg (float): Mass in kilograms.(must be positive)
+        velocity_m_s (float): Velocity in meters per second.(can be negative as well as positive)
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Energy equivalent in joules.
+
+    >>>energy_equivalent_for_moving_mass(1,5675)       
+    1701322225868.2546
+    """
+    if mass_kg<0:
+        ValueError("mass of object cannot be negative")
+        
+    speed_of_light = const.speed_of_light  # Speed of light in meters/second
+
+    # Calculating momentum
+    momentum = mass_kg * velocity_m_s / math.sqrt(1 - (velocity_m_s**2 / speed_of_light**2))
+
+    # Calculating energy using the relativistic energy-momentum relation
+    energy_joules = math.sqrt((mass_kg * speed_of_light)**2 + (momentum * speed_of_light)**2)
+    return energy_joules
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()