Auto merge of rust-lang#120718 - saethlin:reasonable-fast-math, r=nnethercote

Add "algebraic" fast-math intrinsics, based on fast-math ops that cannot return poison

Setting all of LLVM's fast-math flags makes our fast-math intrinsics very dangerous, because some inputs are UB. This set of flags permits common algebraic transformations, but according to the [LangRef](https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#fastmath), only the flags `nnan` (no nans) and `ninf` (no infs) can produce poison.

And this uses the algebraic float ops to fix rust-lang#120720

cc `@orlp`

Author: bors

core/src/intrinsics.rs

@@ -1898,6 +1898,46 @@ extern "rust-intrinsic" {
     #[rustc_nounwind]
     pub fn frem_fast<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
 
+    /// Float addition that allows optimizations based on algebraic rules.
+    ///
+    /// This intrinsic does not have a stable counterpart.
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    #[rustc_safe_intrinsic]
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    pub fn fadd_algebraic<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
+
+    /// Float subtraction that allows optimizations based on algebraic rules.
+    ///
+    /// This intrinsic does not have a stable counterpart.
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    #[rustc_safe_intrinsic]
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    pub fn fsub_algebraic<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
+
+    /// Float multiplication that allows optimizations based on algebraic rules.
+    ///
+    /// This intrinsic does not have a stable counterpart.
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    #[rustc_safe_intrinsic]
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    pub fn fmul_algebraic<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
+
+    /// Float division that allows optimizations based on algebraic rules.
+    ///
+    /// This intrinsic does not have a stable counterpart.
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    #[rustc_safe_intrinsic]
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    pub fn fdiv_algebraic<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
+
+    /// Float remainder that allows optimizations based on algebraic rules.
+    ///
+    /// This intrinsic does not have a stable counterpart.
+    #[rustc_nounwind]
+    #[rustc_safe_intrinsic]
+    #[cfg(not(bootstrap))]
+    pub fn frem_algebraic<T: Copy>(a: T, b: T) -> T;
+
     /// Convert with LLVM’s fptoui/fptosi, which may return undef for values out of range
     /// (<https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/10184>)
     ///