fix(assertions): object partiality is dropped passing through arrays (#18525)

`objectLike()` imposes partial object matching. That means that we don't
need to fully specify all properties of an object to match it, but
just the properties we care about (all other properties can have any
value).

Partial object matching is inherited. That means that in nested
objects, the partiality is maintained:

```ts
objectLike({
  x: 'x',
  inner: {
    // Matches any object that has AT LEAST an 'y' property
    y: 'y',
  }
})
```

However, the partiality is dropped when passing through arrays:

```ts
objectLike({
  x: 'x',
  inner: [
    {
      // Matches any object that has ONLY an 'y' property
      y: 'y',
    }
  ],
})
```

This is both unintuitive and different from past behavior, which makes
migrating tests unnecessarily hard.

Fix the discrepancy.


----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: rix0rrr

packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/match.ts

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ class LiteralMatch extends Matcher {
 
   public test(actual: any): MatchResult {
     if (Array.isArray(this.pattern)) {
-      return new ArrayMatch(this.name, this.pattern, { subsequence: false }).test(actual);
+      return new ArrayMatch(this.name, this.pattern, { subsequence: false, partialObjects: this.partialObjects }).test(actual);
     }
 
     if (typeof this.pattern === 'object') {
@@ -155,13 +155,21 @@ interface ArrayMatchOptions {
    * @default true
    */
   readonly subsequence?: boolean;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether to continue matching objects inside the array partially
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  readonly partialObjects?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
  * Match class that matches arrays.
  */
 class ArrayMatch extends Matcher {
   private readonly subsequence: boolean;
+  private readonly partialObjects: boolean;
 
   constructor(
     public readonly name: string,
@@ -170,6 +178,7 @@ class ArrayMatch extends Matcher {
 
     super();
     this.subsequence = options.subsequence ?? true;
+    this.partialObjects = options.partialObjects ?? false;
   }
 
   public test(actual: any): MatchResult {
@@ -195,7 +204,10 @@ class ArrayMatch extends Matcher {
     while (patternIdx < this.pattern.length && actualIdx < actual.length) {
       const patternElement = this.pattern[patternIdx];
 
-      const matcher = Matcher.isMatcher(patternElement) ? patternElement : new LiteralMatch(this.name, patternElement);
+      const matcher = Matcher.isMatcher(patternElement)
+        ? patternElement
+        : new LiteralMatch(this.name, patternElement, { partialObjects: this.partialObjects });
+
       const matcherName = matcher.name;
       if (this.subsequence && (matcherName == 'absent' || matcherName == 'anyValue')) {
         // array subsequence matcher is not compatible with anyValue() or absent() matcher. They don't make sense to be used together.

packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/test/match.test.ts

@@ -176,14 +176,31 @@ describe('Matchers', () => {
       expectPass(matcher, { foo: 'bar', baz: { fred: 'waldo', wobble: 'flob' } });
     });
 
-    test('nested with ArrayMatch', () => {
+    test('ArrayMatch nested inside ObjectMatch', () => {
       matcher = Match.objectLike({
         foo: Match.arrayWith(['bar']),
       });
       expectPass(matcher, { foo: ['bar', 'baz'], fred: 'waldo' });
       expectFailure(matcher, { foo: ['baz'], fred: 'waldo' }, [/Missing element \[bar\] at pattern index 0 at \/foo/]);
     });
 
+    test('Partiality is maintained throughout arrays', () => {
+      // Before this fix:
+      //
+      //   - objectLike({ x: { LITERAL }) ==> LITERAL would be matched partially as well
+      //   - objectLike({ xs: [ { LITERAL } ] }) ==> but here LITERAL would be matched fully
+      //
+      // That passing through an array resets the partial matching to full is a
+      // surprising inconsistency.
+      //
+      matcher = Match.objectLike({
+        foo: [{ bar: 'bar' }],
+      });
+      expectPass(matcher, { foo: [{ bar: 'bar' }] }); // Trivially true
+      expectPass(matcher, { boo: 'boo', foo: [{ bar: 'bar' }] }); // Additional members at top level okay
+      expectPass(matcher, { foo: [{ bar: 'bar', boo: 'boo' }] }); // Additional members at inner level okay
+    });
+
     test('absent', () => {
       matcher = Match.objectLike({ foo: Match.absent() });
       expectPass(matcher, { bar: 'baz' });
@@ -389,7 +406,7 @@ describe('Matchers', () => {
 function expectPass(matcher: Matcher, target: any): void {
   const result = matcher.test(target);
   if (result.hasFailed()) {
-    fail(result.toHumanStrings()); // eslint-disable-line jest/no-jasmine-globals
+    throw new Error(result.toHumanStrings().join('\n')); // eslint-disable-line jest/no-jasmine-globals
   }
 }