feat(cdk): expose authorizer id and authorization type (#31622)

### Issue # (if applicable)

Closes #31605.

### Reason for this change

I need to access the authorizer id and type to be able to import the authorizer in another CDK project

### Description of changes

I have added a public readonly variable for the authorizationType that was previously a string in the return object from the bind function. 
I have also added a getter that will return the authorizerId after the first binding. If not bound yet it will throw an error.

### Description of how you validated changes

I have added unit tests for all changed files.

### Checklist
- [x] My code adheres to the [CONTRIBUTING GUIDE](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and [DESIGN GUIDELINES](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/docs/DESIGN_GUIDELINES.md)

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: JonWallsten

packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-apigatewayv2-authorizers/test/http/integ.lambda.js.snapshot/AuthorizerInteg.assets.json

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "d7d3785243d748927f2a8d6edcecf909f96191df27a815e305aaeba98bcd2c64.zip"
+     "S3Key": "9b3143f6d2fe3103f2f3162c221163ad6a5a0ba2219cc1e5af2e300325588714.zip"
     },
     "Handler": "index.handler",
     "Role": {
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
      "S3Bucket": {
       "Fn::Sub": "cdk-hnb659fds-assets-${AWS::AccountId}-${AWS::Region}"
      },
-     "S3Key": "54deaef2af5b9afbfc9cbcbb9261b1c0d4cce6560831d7ae1959f3da899011c8.zip"
+     "S3Key": "0793b3c94d0be9d628975dbbcd1dc523196de50a41fb1920880248ae3c24259b.zip"
     },
     "Handler": "index.handler",
     "Role": {
@@ -497,6 +497,14 @@
      ]
     ]
    }
+  },
+  "AuthorizerId": {
+   "Value": {
+    "Ref": "MyHttpApiLambdaAuthorizerB8A0E2A4"
+   }
+  },
+  "AuthorizationType": {
+   "Value": "CUSTOM"
   }
  },
  "Parameters": {

packages/@aws-cdk-testing/framework-integ/test/aws-apigatewayv2-authorizers/test/http/integ.lambda.js.snapshot/AuthorizerInteg.template.json

@@ -62,4 +62,10 @@ new CfnOutput(stack, 'URL', {
 });
 new CfnOutput(stack, 'URLWithDefaultAuthorizer', {
   value: httpApiWithDefaultAuthorizer.url!,
-});
+});
+new CfnOutput(stack, 'AuthorizerId', {
+  value: authorizer.authorizerId,
+});
+new CfnOutput(stack, 'AuthorizationType', {
+  value: authorizer.authorizationType,
+});