feat(assertions): support assertions on stack messages (#18521)

Looking to unblock users who want to use assertions with annotations added on a stack.

Fixes #18347 

Example:

```ts
class MyAspect implements IAspect {
  public visit(node: IConstruct): void {
    if (node instanceof CfnResource) {
      this.warn(node, 'insert message here',
    }
  }

  protected warn(node: IConstruct, message: string): void {
    Annotations.of(node).addWarning(message);
  }
}

const app = new App();
const stack = new Stack(app);
new CfnResource(stack, 'Foo', {
  type: 'Foo::Bar',
  properties: {
    Baz: 'Qux',
  },
});

Aspects.of(stack).add(new MyAspect());

AssertAnnotations.fromStack(stack).hasMessage({
  level: 'warning',
  entry: {
    data: 'insert message here',
  },
});
```

----

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: kaizencc

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/README.md

@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ This matcher can be combined with any of the other matchers.
 // The following will NOT throw an assertion error
 template.hasResourceProperties('Foo::Bar', {
   Fred: {
-    Wobble: [ Match.anyValue(), "Flip" ],
+    Wobble: [ Match.anyValue(), Match.anyValue() ],
   },
 });
 
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ template.hasResourceProperties('Foo::Bar', {
 
 ## Capturing Values
 
-This matcher APIs documented above allow capturing values in the matching entry
+The matcher APIs documented above allow capturing values in the matching entry
 (Resource, Output, Mapping, etc.). The following code captures a string from a
 matching resource.
 
@@ -492,3 +492,74 @@ fredCapture.asString(); // returns "Flob"
 fredCapture.next();     // returns true
 fredCapture.asString(); // returns "Quib"
 ```
+
+## Asserting Annotations
+
+In addition to template matching, we provide an API for annotation matching.
+[Annotations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/api/v2/docs/aws-cdk-lib.Annotations.html)
+can be added via the [Aspects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/api/v2/docs/aws-cdk-lib.Aspects.html)
+API. You can learn more about Aspects [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/v2/guide/aspects.html).
+
+Say you have a `MyAspect` and a `MyStack` that uses `MyAspect`:
+
+```ts nofixture
+import * as cdk from '@aws-cdk/core';
+import { Construct, IConstruct } from 'constructs';
+
+class MyAspect implements cdk.IAspect {
+  public visit(node: IConstruct): void {
+    if (node instanceof cdk.CfnResource && node.cfnResourceType === 'Foo::Bar') {
+      this.error(node, 'we do not want a Foo::Bar resource');
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected error(node: IConstruct, message: string): void {
+    cdk.Annotations.of(node).addError(message);
+  }
+}
+
+class MyStack extends cdk.Stack {
+  constructor(scope: Construct, id: string) {
+    super(scope, id);
+
+    const stack = new cdk.Stack();
+    new cdk.CfnResource(stack, 'Foo', {
+      type: 'Foo::Bar',
+      properties: {
+        Fred: 'Thud',
+      },
+    });
+    cdk.Aspects.of(stack).add(new MyAspect());
+  }
+}
+```
+
+We can then assert that the stack contains the expected Error:
+
+```ts
+// import { Annotations } from '@aws-cdk/assertions';
+
+Annotations.fromStack(stack).hasError(
+  '/Default/Foo',
+  'we do not want a Foo::Bar resource',
+);
+```
+
+Here are the available APIs for `Annotations`:
+
+- `hasError()` and `findError()`
+- `hasWarning()` and `findWarning()`
+- `hasInfo()` and `findInfo()`
+
+The corresponding `findXxx()` API is complementary to the `hasXxx()` API, except instead
+of asserting its presence, it returns the set of matching messages.
+
+In addition, this suite of APIs is compatable with `Matchers` for more fine-grained control.
+For example, the following assertion works as well:
+
+```ts
+Annotations.fromStack(stack).hasError(
+  '/Default/Foo',
+  Match.stringLikeRegexp('.*Foo::Bar.*'),
+);
+```

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/annotations.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import { Stack, Stage } from '@aws-cdk/core';
+import { SynthesisMessage } from '@aws-cdk/cx-api';
+import { Messages } from './private/message';
+import { findMessage, hasMessage } from './private/messages';
+
+/**
+ * Suite of assertions that can be run on a CDK Stack.
+ * Focused on asserting annotations.
+ */
+export class Annotations {
+  /**
+   * Base your assertions on the messages returned by a synthesized CDK `Stack`.
+   * @param stack the CDK Stack to run assertions on
+   */
+  public static fromStack(stack: Stack): Annotations {
+    return new Annotations(toMessages(stack));
+  }
+
+  private readonly _messages: Messages;
+
+  private constructor(messages: SynthesisMessage[]) {
+    this._messages = convertArrayToMessagesType(messages);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that an error with the given message exists in the synthesized CDK `Stack`.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the error. Provide `'*'` to match all errors in the template.
+   * @param message the error message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public hasError(constructPath: string, message: any): void {
+    const matchError = hasMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('error', message));
+    if (matchError) {
+      throw new Error(matchError);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the set of matching errors of a given construct path and message.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the error. Provide `'*'` to match all errors in the template.
+   * @param message the error message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public findError(constructPath: string, message: any): SynthesisMessage[] {
+    return convertMessagesTypeToArray(findMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('error', message)) as Messages);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that an warning with the given message exists in the synthesized CDK `Stack`.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the warning. Provide `'*'` to match all warnings in the template.
+   * @param message the warning message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public hasWarning(constructPath: string, message: any): void {
+    const matchError = hasMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('warning', message));
+    if (matchError) {
+      throw new Error(matchError);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the set of matching warning of a given construct path and message.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the warning. Provide `'*'` to match all warnings in the template.
+   * @param message the warning message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public findWarning(constructPath: string, message: any): SynthesisMessage[] {
+    return convertMessagesTypeToArray(findMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('warning', message)) as Messages);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Assert that an info with the given message exists in the synthesized CDK `Stack`.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the info. Provide `'*'` to match all info in the template.
+   * @param message the info message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public hasInfo(constructPath: string, message: any): void {
+    const matchError = hasMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('info', message));
+    if (matchError) {
+      throw new Error(matchError);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the set of matching infos of a given construct path and message.
+   *
+   * @param constructPath the construct path to the info. Provide `'*'` to match all infos in the template.
+   * @param message the info message as should be expected. This should be a string or Matcher object.
+   */
+  public findInfo(constructPath: string, message: any): SynthesisMessage[] {
+    return convertMessagesTypeToArray(findMessage(this._messages, constructPath, constructMessage('info', message)) as Messages);
+  }
+}
+
+function constructMessage(type: 'info' | 'warning' | 'error', message: any): {[key:string]: any } {
+  return {
+    level: type,
+    entry: {
+      data: message,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+function convertArrayToMessagesType(messages: SynthesisMessage[]): Messages {
+  return messages.reduce((obj, item) => {
+    return {
+      ...obj,
+      [item.id]: item,
+    };
+  }, {}) as Messages;
+}
+
+function convertMessagesTypeToArray(messages: Messages): SynthesisMessage[] {
+  return Object.values(messages) as SynthesisMessage[];
+}
+
+function toMessages(stack: Stack): any {
+  const root = stack.node.root;
+  if (!Stage.isStage(root)) {
+    throw new Error('unexpected: all stacks must be part of a Stage or an App');
+  }
+
+  // to support incremental assertions (i.e. "expect(stack).toNotContainSomething(); doSomething(); expect(stack).toContainSomthing()")
+  const force = true;
+
+  const assembly = root.synth({ force });
+
+  return assembly.getStackArtifact(stack.artifactId).messages;
+}

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export * from './capture';
 export * from './template';
 export * from './match';
-export * from './matcher';
+export * from './matcher';
+export * from './annotations';

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/private/message.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import { SynthesisMessage } from '@aws-cdk/cx-api';
+
+export type Messages = {
+  [logicalId: string]: SynthesisMessage;
+}

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/private/messages.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import { MatchResult } from '../matcher';
+import { Messages } from './message';
+import { filterLogicalId, formatFailure, matchSection } from './section';
+
+export function findMessage(messages: Messages, logicalId: string, props: any = {}): { [key: string]: { [key: string]: any } } {
+  const section: { [key: string]: {} } = messages;
+  const result = matchSection(filterLogicalId(section, logicalId), props);
+
+  if (!result.match) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  return result.matches;
+}
+
+export function hasMessage(messages: Messages, logicalId: string, props: any): string | void {
+  const section: { [key: string]: {} } = messages;
+  const result = matchSection(filterLogicalId(section, logicalId), props);
+
+  if (result.match) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (result.closestResult === undefined) {
+    return 'No messages found in the stack';
+  }
+
+  return [
+    `Stack has ${result.analyzedCount} messages, but none match as expected.`,
+    formatFailure(formatMessage(result.closestResult)),
+  ].join('\n');
+}
+
+// We redact the stack trace by default because it is unnecessarily long and unintelligible.
+// If there is a use case for rendering the trace, we can add it later.
+function formatMessage(match: MatchResult, renderTrace: boolean = false): MatchResult {
+  if (!renderTrace) {
+    match.target.entry.trace = 'redacted';
+  }
+  return match;
+}

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/lib/template.ts

@@ -129,7 +129,8 @@ export class Template {
    * @param logicalId the name of the parameter. Provide `'*'` to match all parameters in the template.
    * @param props by default, matches all Parameters in the template.
    * When a literal object is provided, performs a partial match via `Match.objectLike()`.
-   * Use the `Match` APIs to configure a different behaviour.   */
+   * Use the `Match` APIs to configure a different behaviour.
+   */
   public findParameters(logicalId: string, props: any = {}): { [key: string]: { [key: string]: any } } {
     return findParameters(this.template, logicalId, props);
   }

Diff for: packages/@aws-cdk/assertions/rosetta/default.ts-fixture

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Fixture with packages imported, but nothing else
 import { Construct } from 'constructs';
-import { Stack } from '@aws-cdk/core';
-import { Capture, Match, Template } from '@aws-cdk/assertions';
+import { Aspects, CfnResource, Stack } from '@aws-cdk/core';
+import { Annotations, Capture, Match, Template } from '@aws-cdk/assertions';
 
 class Fixture extends Stack {
   constructor(scope: Construct, id: string) {