fix(lambda-nodejs): esbuild preCompilation tsconfig precedence is wrong (#23871)

The current implementation of the `extractTsConfig` function overrides previously found compiler options by new ones in extended files.

So if you override parameters in your tsconfig.json that extends from a different one higher up in the project, the parameters in the base configuration file take precedence over those in the tsconfig that is specified for this specific build task.

This change turns around the importance of those parameters so that it matches the behaviour of tsc, where any parameters in the tsconfig override those of the tsconfigs it may extend from.

----

### All Submissions:

* [x] Have you followed the guidelines in our [Contributing guide?](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md)

### Adding new Construct Runtime Dependencies:

* [ ] This PR adds new construct runtime dependencies following the process described [here](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md/#adding-construct-runtime-dependencies)

### New Features

* [ ] Have you added the new feature to an [integration test](https://github.com/aws/aws-cdk/blob/main/INTEGRATION_TESTS.md)?
	* [ ] Did you use `yarn integ` to deploy the infrastructure and generate the snapshot (i.e. `yarn integ` without `--dry-run`)?

*By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license*

Author: Sébastiaan

packages/@aws-cdk/aws-lambda-nodejs/lib/util.ts

@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ function extractTsConfig(tsconfigPath: string, previousCompilerOptions?: Record<
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports
   const { extends: extendedConfig, compilerOptions } = require(tsconfigPath);
   const updatedCompilerOptions = {
-    ...(previousCompilerOptions ?? {}),
     ...compilerOptions,
+    ...(previousCompilerOptions ?? {}),
   };
   if (extendedConfig) {
     return extractTsConfig(

packages/@aws-cdk/aws-lambda-nodejs/test/testtsconfig-extended.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "extends": "./testtsconfig.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "target": "ES2022"
+  }
+}

packages/@aws-cdk/aws-lambda-nodejs/test/util.test.ts

@@ -213,4 +213,37 @@ describe('getTsconfigCompilerOptions', () => {
       '--target ES2020',
     ].join(' '));
   });
+
+  test('should extract compiler options with extended config overriding', () => {
+    const tsconfig = path.join(__dirname, 'testtsconfig-extended.json');
+    const compilerOptions = getTsconfigCompilerOptions(tsconfig);
+    expect(compilerOptions).toEqual([
+      '--alwaysStrict',
+      '--charset utf8',
+      '--declaration',
+      '--declarationMap false',
+      '--experimentalDecorators',
+      '--incremental false',
+      '--inlineSourceMap',
+      '--inlineSources',
+      '--lib es2020',
+      '--module CommonJS',
+      '--newLine lf',
+      '--noEmitOnError',
+      '--noFallthroughCasesInSwitch',
+      '--noImplicitAny',
+      '--noImplicitReturns',
+      '--noImplicitThis',
+      '--noUnusedLocals',
+      '--noUnusedParameters',
+      '--outDir ./',
+      '--resolveJsonModule',
+      '--rootDir ./',
+      '--strict',
+      '--strictNullChecks',
+      '--strictPropertyInitialization',
+      '--stripInternal false',
+      '--target ES2022',
+    ].join(' '));
+  });
 });