docs: update CDK example to nodejs18 (#1197)

* docs: update cdk examples

* tests: update unit tests

Author: dreamorosi

Diff for: examples/cdk/README.md

@@ -2,9 +2,16 @@
 
 This is a deployable CDK app that deploys AWS Lambda functions as part of a CloudFormation stack. These Lambda functions use the utilities made available as part of AWS Lambda Powertools for TypeScript to demonstrate their usage.
 
-You will need to have a valid AWS Account in order to deploy these resources. These resources may incur costs to your AWS Account. The cost from **some services** are covered by the [AWS Free Tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/?all-free-tier.sort-by=item.additionalFields.SortRank&all-free-tier.sort-order=asc&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Types=*all&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Categories=*all) but not all of them. If you don't have an AWS Account follow [these instructions to create one](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/create-and-activate-aws-account/).
+> **Note**
+> You will need to have a valid AWS Account in order to deploy these resources. These resources may incur costs to your AWS Account. The cost from **some services** are covered by the [AWS Free Tier](https://aws.amazon.com/free/?all-free-tier.sort-by=item.additionalFields.SortRank&all-free-tier.sort-order=asc&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Types=*all&awsf.Free%20Tier%20Categories=*all) but not all of them. If you don't have an AWS Account follow [these instructions to create one](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/create-and-activate-aws-account/).
 
-The example functions, located in the `src` folder, are invoked automatically, twice, when deployed using the CDK construct defined in `src/example-function.ts`. The first invocation demonstrates the effect on logs/metrics/annotations when the Lambda function has a cold start, and the latter without a cold start.
+The example functions, located in the `functions` folder, are frontend by a REST API that is deployed using AWS API Gateway.
+
+The API has three endpoints:
+
+ * `POST /` - Adds an item to the DynamoDB table
+ * `GET /` - Retrieves all items from the DynamoDB table
+ * `GET /{id}` - Retrieves a specific item from the DynamoDB table
 
 ## Deploying the stack
 
@@ -14,10 +21,59 @@ The example functions, located in the `src` folder, are invoked automatically, t
 
 Note: Prior to deploying you may need to run `cdk bootstrap aws://<YOU_AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>/<AWS_REGION> --profile <YOUR_AWS_PROFILE>` if you have not already bootstrapped your account for CDK.
 
-## Viewing Utility Outputs
+> **Note**
+> You can find your API Gateway Endpoint URL in the output values displayed after deployment.
+
+## Execute the functions via API Gateway
+
+Use the API Gateway Endpoint URL from the output values to execute the functions. First, let's add two items to the DynamoDB Table by running:
+
+```bash
+curl -XPOST --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '{"id":"myfirstitem","name":"Some Name for the first item"}' https://randomid12345.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/prod/
+curl -XPOST --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '{"id":"myseconditem","name":"Some Name for the second item"}' https://randomid1245.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/prod/
+````
+
+Now, let's retrieve all items by running:
+
+```sh
+curl -XGET https://randomid12345.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/prod/
+```
+
+And finally, let's retrieve a specific item by running:
+```bash
+curl -XGET https://randomid12345.execute-api.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/prod/myseconditem/
+```
+
+## Observe the outputs in AWS CloudWatch & X-Ray
+
+### CloudWatch
+
+If we check the logs in CloudWatch, we can see that the logs are structured like this
+```
+2022-04-26T17:00:23.808Z	e8a51294-6c6a-414c-9777-6b0f24d8739b	DEBUG	
+{
+    "level": "DEBUG",
+    "message": "retrieved items: 0",
+    "service": "getAllItems",
+    "timestamp": "2022-04-26T17:00:23.808Z",
+    "awsRequestId": "e8a51294-6c6a-414c-9777-6b0f24d8739b"
+}
+```
+
+By having structured logs like this, we can easily search and analyse them in [CloudWatch Logs Insight](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonCloudWatch/latest/logs/AnalyzingLogData.html). Run the following query to get all messages for a specific `awsRequestId`:
+
+````
+filter awsRequestId="bcd50969-3a55-49b6-a997-91798b3f133a"
+ | fields timestamp, message
+````
+### AWS X-Ray
+
+As we have enabled tracing for our Lambda-Funtions, you can visit [AWS CloudWatch Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/cloudwatch/) and see [Traces](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/xray/latest/devguide/xray-concepts.html#xray-concepts-traces) and a [Service Map](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/apigateway-using-xray-maps.html) for our application.
+
+## Cleanup
 
-All utility outputs can be viewed in the Amazon CloudWatch console.
+To delete the sample application that you created, run the command below while in the `examples/sam` directory:
 
- * `Logger` output can be found in Logs > Log groups
- * `Metrics` output can be found in Metrics > All metrics > CdkExample
- * `Tracer` output can be found in  X-Ray traces > Traces
+```bash
+cdk delete
+```

Diff for: examples/cdk/functions/common/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Get the DynamoDB table name from environment variables
+const tableName = process.env.SAMPLE_TABLE;
+
+export {
+  tableName
+};

Diff for: examples/cdk/functions/common/dynamodb-client.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+import { DynamoDBClient } from '@aws-sdk/client-dynamodb';
+import { DynamoDBDocumentClient } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';
+import { tracer } from './powertools';
+
+// Create DynamoDB Client and patch it for tracing
+const ddbClient = tracer.captureAWSv3Client(new DynamoDBClient({}));
+
+const marshallOptions = {
+  // Whether to automatically convert empty strings, blobs, and sets to `null`.
+  convertEmptyValues: false, // false, by default.
+  // Whether to remove undefined values while marshalling.
+  removeUndefinedValues: false, // false, by default.
+  // Whether to convert typeof object to map attribute.
+  convertClassInstanceToMap: false, // false, by default.
+};
+
+const unmarshallOptions = {
+  // Whether to return numbers as a string instead of converting them to native JavaScript numbers.
+  wrapNumbers: false, // false, by default.
+};
+
+const translateConfig = { marshallOptions, unmarshallOptions };
+
+// Create the DynamoDB Document client.
+const docClient = DynamoDBDocumentClient.from(ddbClient, translateConfig);
+
+export {
+  docClient
+};

Diff for: examples/cdk/functions/common/powertools.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import { Logger } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/logger';
+import { Metrics } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/metrics';
+import { Tracer } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/tracer';
+
+const awsLambdaPowertoolsVersion = '1.5.0';
+
+const defaultValues = {
+  region: process.env.AWS_REGION || 'N/A',
+  executionEnv: process.env.AWS_EXECUTION_ENV || 'N/A'
+};
+
+const logger = new Logger({
+  persistentLogAttributes: {
+    ...defaultValues,
+    logger: {
+      name: '@aws-lambda-powertools/logger',
+      version: awsLambdaPowertoolsVersion,
+    }
+  },
+});
+
+const metrics = new Metrics({
+  defaultDimensions: defaultValues
+});
+
+const tracer = new Tracer();
+
+export {
+  logger,
+  metrics,
+  tracer
+};

Diff for: examples/cdk/functions/get-all-items.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { APIGatewayProxyEvent, APIGatewayProxyResult, Context } from 'aws-lambda';
+import middy from '@middy/core';
+import { tableName } from './common/constants';
+import { logger, tracer, metrics } from './common/powertools';
+import { logMetrics } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/metrics';
+import { injectLambdaContext } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/logger';
+import { captureLambdaHandler } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/tracer';
+import { docClient } from './common/dynamodb-client';
+import { ScanCommand } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';
+import { default as request } from 'phin';
+
+/*
+ *
+ * This example uses the Middy middleware instrumentation.
+ * It is the best choice if your existing code base relies on the Middy middleware engine. 
+ * Powertools offers compatible Middy middleware to make this integration seamless.
+ * Find more Information in the docs: https://awslabs.github.io/aws-lambda-powertools-typescript/
+ *
+ * Event doc: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/set-up-lambda-proxy-integrations.html#api-gateway-simple-proxy-for-lambda-input-format
+ * @param {Object} event - API Gateway Lambda Proxy Input Format
+ *
+ * Return doc: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/set-up-lambda-proxy-integrations.html
+ * @returns {Object} object - API Gateway Lambda Proxy Output Format
+ *
+ */
+const getAllItemsHandler = async (event: APIGatewayProxyEvent, context: Context): Promise<APIGatewayProxyResult> => {
+  if (event.httpMethod !== 'GET') {
+    throw new Error(`getAllItems only accepts GET method, you tried: ${event.httpMethod}`);
+  }
+
+  // Tracer: Add awsRequestId as annotation
+  tracer.putAnnotation('awsRequestId', context.awsRequestId);
+
+  // Logger: Append awsRequestId to each log statement
+  logger.appendKeys({
+    awsRequestId: context.awsRequestId,
+  });
+
+  // Request a sample random uuid from a webservice
+  const res = await request<{ uuid: string }>({
+    url: 'https://httpbin.org/uuid',
+    parse: 'json',
+  });
+  const { uuid } = res.body;
+
+  // Logger: Append uuid to each log statement
+  logger.appendKeys({ uuid });
+
+  // Tracer: Add uuid as annotation
+  tracer.putAnnotation('uuid', uuid);
+
+  // Metrics: Add uuid as metadata
+  metrics.addMetadata('uuid', uuid);
+
+  // get all items from the table (only first 1MB data, you can use `LastEvaluatedKey` to get the rest of data)
+  // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/DynamoDB/DocumentClient.html#scan-property
+  // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/APIReference/API_Scan.html
+  try {
+    if (!tableName) {
+      throw new Error('SAMPLE_TABLE environment variable is not set');
+    }
+
+    const data = await docClient.send(new ScanCommand({
+      TableName: tableName
+    }));
+    const { Items: items } = data;
+
+    // Logger: All log statements are written to CloudWatch
+    logger.debug(`retrieved items: ${items?.length || 0}`);
+    
+    logger.info(`Response ${event.path}`, {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      body: items,
+    });
+
+    return {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      body: JSON.stringify(items)
+    };
+  } catch (err) {
+    tracer.addErrorAsMetadata(err as Error);
+    logger.error('Error reading from table. ' + err);
+    
+    return {
+      statusCode: 500,
+      body: JSON.stringify({ 'error': 'Error reading from table.' })
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+// Wrap the handler with middy
+export const handler = middy(getAllItemsHandler)
+  // Use the middleware by passing the Metrics instance as a parameter
+  .use(logMetrics(metrics))
+  // Use the middleware by passing the Logger instance as a parameter
+  .use(injectLambdaContext(logger, { logEvent: true }))
+  // Use the middleware by passing the Tracer instance as a parameter
+  .use(captureLambdaHandler(tracer, { captureResponse: false })); // by default the tracer would add the response as metadata on the segment, but there is a chance to hit the 64kb segment size limit. Therefore set captureResponse: false

Diff for: examples/cdk/functions/get-by-id.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+import { APIGatewayProxyEvent, APIGatewayProxyResult, Context } from 'aws-lambda';
+import { tableName } from './common/constants';
+import { logger, tracer, metrics } from './common/powertools';
+import { LambdaInterface } from '@aws-lambda-powertools/commons';
+import { docClient } from './common/dynamodb-client';
+import { GetCommand } from '@aws-sdk/lib-dynamodb';
+import { default as request } from 'phin';
+
+/*
+ *
+ * This example uses the Method decorator instrumentation.
+ * Use TypeScript method decorators if you prefer writing your business logic using TypeScript Classes.
+ * If you aren’t using Classes, this requires the most significant refactoring.
+ * Find more Information in the docs: https://awslabs.github.io/aws-lambda-powertools-typescript/
+ *
+ * Event doc: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/set-up-lambda-proxy-integrations.html#api-gateway-simple-proxy-for-lambda-input-format
+ * @param {APIGatewayProxyEvent} event - API Gateway Lambda Proxy Input Format
+ *
+ * Return doc: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/set-up-lambda-proxy-integrations.html
+ * @returns {Promise<APIGatewayProxyResult>} object - API Gateway Lambda Proxy Output Format
+ *
+ */
+
+class Lambda implements LambdaInterface {
+
+  @tracer.captureMethod()
+  public async getUuid(): Promise<string> {
+    // Request a sample random uuid from a webservice
+    const res = await request<{ uuid: string }>({
+      url: 'https://httpbin.org/uuid',
+      parse: 'json',
+    });
+    const { uuid } = res.body;
+
+    return uuid;
+  }
+
+  @tracer.captureLambdaHandler({ captureResponse: false }) // by default the tracer would add the response as metadata on the segment, but there is a chance to hit the 64kb segment size limit. Therefore set captureResponse: false
+  @logger.injectLambdaContext({ logEvent: true })
+  @metrics.logMetrics({ throwOnEmptyMetrics: false, captureColdStartMetric: true })
+  public async handler(event: APIGatewayProxyEvent, context: Context): Promise<APIGatewayProxyResult> {
+
+    if (event.httpMethod !== 'GET') {
+      throw new Error(`getById only accepts GET method, you tried: ${event.httpMethod}`);
+    }
+
+    // Tracer: Add awsRequestId as annotation
+    tracer.putAnnotation('awsRequestId', context.awsRequestId);
+
+    // Logger: Append awsRequestId to each log statement
+    logger.appendKeys({
+      awsRequestId: context.awsRequestId,
+    });
+
+    // Call the getUuid function
+    const uuid = await this.getUuid();
+
+    // Logger: Append uuid to each log statement
+    logger.appendKeys({ uuid });
+
+    // Tracer: Add uuid as annotation
+    tracer.putAnnotation('uuid', uuid);
+
+    // Metrics: Add uuid as metadata
+    metrics.addMetadata('uuid', uuid);
+
+    // Get the item from the table
+    // https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/DynamoDB/DocumentClient.html#get-property
+    try {
+      if (!tableName) {
+        throw new Error('SAMPLE_TABLE environment variable is not set');
+      }
+      if (!event.pathParameters) {
+        throw new Error('event does not contain pathParameters');
+      }
+      if (!event.pathParameters.id) {
+        throw new Error('PathParameter id is missing');
+      }
+      const data = await docClient.send(new GetCommand({
+        TableName: tableName,
+        Key: {
+          id: event.pathParameters.id 
+        }
+      }));
+      const item = data.Item;
+      
+      logger.info(`Response ${event.path}`, {
+        statusCode: 200,
+        body: item,
+      });
+      
+      return {
+        statusCode: 200,
+        body: JSON.stringify(item)
+      };
+    } catch (err) {
+      tracer.addErrorAsMetadata(err as Error);
+      logger.error('Error reading from table. ' + err);
+      
+      return {
+        statusCode: 500,
+        body: JSON.stringify({ 'error': 'Error reading from table.' })
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+const handlerClass = new Lambda();
+export const handler = handlerClass.handler.bind(handlerClass);