first

Author: Alice Pintus

Language/Functions/Advanced IO/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+= analogWrite()
+
+
+// OVERVIEW SECTION STARTS
+[#overview]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Description
+Writes an analog value (http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PWM[PWM wave]) to a pin. Can be used to light a LED at varying brightnesses or drive a motor at various speeds. After a call to `analogWrite()`, the pin will generate a steady square wave of the specified duty cycle until the next call to `analogWrite()` (or a call to `digitalRead()` or `digitalWrite()` on the same pin). The frequency of the PWM signal on most pins is approximately 490 Hz. On the Uno and similar boards, pins 5 and 6 have a frequency of approximately 980 Hz.
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+image::http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/ArduinoUno_R3_Front_450px.jpg[caption="", title="A beautiful Arduino UNO"]
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+[float]
+=== Syntax
+`analogWrite(pin, value)`
+
+
+[float]
+=== Parameters
+`pin`: the pin to write to. +
+`value`: the duty cycle: between 0 (always off) and 255 (always on).
+
+
+[float]
+=== Returns
+Nothing
+
+--
+// OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS
+
+
+
+
+// HOW TO USE SECTION STARTS
+[#howtouse]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Example
+Sets the output to the LED proportional to the value read from the potentiometer.
+
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+int ledPin = 9;      // LED connected to digital pin 9
+int analogPin = 3;   // potentiometer connected to analog pin 3
+int val = 0;         // variable to store the read value
+
+void setup()
+{
+  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);   // sets the pin as output
+}
+
+void loop()
+{
+  val = analogRead(analogPin);   // read the input pin
+  analogWrite(ledPin, val / 4);  // analogRead values go from 0 to 1023, analogWrite values from 0 to 255
+}
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+[float]
+=== Notes and Warnings
+This is because of interactions with the `millis()` and `delay()` functions
+[%hardbreaks]
+image::http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/ArduinoUno_R3_Front_450px.jpg[caption="", title="A beautiful Arduino UNO"]
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+[float]
+=== See also
+[role="language"]
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogRead[analogRead()]
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogRead[analogRead()]
+
+[role="definition"]
+* #DEFINITION# http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PWM[PWM]
+
+[role="example"]
+* #EXAMPLE# http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blink[Blink]
+
+--
+// HOW TO USE SECTION ENDS

Language/Functions/Analog IO/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+= Serial()
+
+
+// OVERVIEW SECTION STARTS
+[#overview]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Description
+Used for communication between the Arduino board and a computer or other devices. All Arduino boards have at least one serial port (also known as a UART or USART): Serial. It communicates on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX) as well as with the computer via USB. Thus, if you use these functions, you cannot also use pins 0 and 1 for digital input or output. +
+You can use the Arduino environment's built-in serial monitor to communicate with an Arduino board. Click the serial monitor button in the toolbar and select the same baud rate used in the call to `begin()`.
+[%hardbreaks]
+The *Arduino Mega* has three additional serial ports: `Serial1` on pins 19 (RX) and 18 (TX), `Serial2` on pins 17 (RX) and 16 (TX), `Serial3` on pins 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). To use these pins to communicate with your personal computer, you will need an additional USB-to-serial adaptor, as they are not connected to the Mega's USB-to-serial adaptor. To use them to communicate with an external TTL serial device, connect the TX pin to your device's RX pin, the RX to your device's TX pin, and the ground of your Mega to your device's ground. (Don't connect these pins directly to an RS232 serial port; they operate at +/- 12V and can damage your Arduino board.)
+[%hardbreaks]
+The *Arduino DUE* has three additional 3.3V TTL serial ports: `Serial1` on pins 19 (RX) and 18 (TX); `Serial2` on pins 17 (RX) and 16 (TX), `Serial3` on pins 15 (RX) and 14 (TX). Pins 0 and 1 are also connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega16U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip, which is connected to the USB debug port. Additionally, there is a native USB-serial port on the SAM3X chip, SerialUSB'.
+[%hardbreaks]
+The *Arduino Leonardo* board uses `Serial1` to communicate via TTL (5V) serial on pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). `Serial` is reserved for USB CDC communication. For more information, refer to the Leonardo getting started page and hardware page.
+
+--
+// OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS
+
+
+// FUNCTIONS SECTION STARTS
+[#functions]
+--
+
+'''
+
+[float]
+=== Functions
+http://arduino.cc[if] (Serial) +
+http://arduino.cc[available()] +
+http://arduino.cc[begin()] +
+http://arduino.cc[end()] +
+http://arduino.cc[find()] +
+http://arduino.cc[findUntil()] +
+http://arduino.cc[flush()] +
+http://arduino.cc[parseFloat()] +
+http://arduino.cc[parseInt()] +
+http://arduino.cc[peek()] +
+http://arduino.cc[print()] +
+http://arduino.cc[println()] +
+http://arduino.cc[read()] +
+http://arduino.cc[readBytes()] +
+http://arduino.cc[readBytesUntil()] +
+http://arduino.cc[setTimeout()] +
+http://arduino.cc[write()] +
+http://arduino.cc[serialEvent()]
+
+'''
+
+--
+// FUNCTIONS SECTION ENDS
+
+
+// SEEALSO SECTION STARTS
+[#seealso]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== See also
+[role="language"]
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogRead[analogRead()]
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogRead[analogRead()]
+
+[role="definition"]
+* #DEFINITION# http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PWM[PWM]
+
+[role="example"]
+* #EXAMPLE# http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Blink[Blink]
+
+--
+// SEEALSO SECTION ENDS

Language/Functions/Analog IO/analogWrite.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+= && (and)
+
+
+// OVERVIEW SECTION STARTS
+[#overview]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Description
+Boolean Operators can be used inside the condition of an `if` statement. +
+&& is true only if both operands are true, for instance in this example:
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+if (digitalRead(2) == HIGH  && digitalRead(3) == HIGH) { // read two switches 
+  // ...
+} 
+
+is true only if both inputs are high.
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+--
+// OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS
+
+
+
+
+// HOW TO USE SECTION STARTS
+[#howtouse]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Example
+
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+if (a >= 10 && a <= 20){}   // true if a is between 10 and 20
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+[float]
+=== Notes and Warnings
+Make sure you don't mistake the boolean AND operator, && (double ampersand) for the bitwise AND operator & (single ampersand). They are entirely different beasts.
+
+
+[float]
+=== See also
+[role="language"]
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/BitwiseAnd[&] (bitwise AND)
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/BitwiseAnd[|] (bitwise OR)
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/BitwiseXorNot[~] (bitwise NOT)
+* #LANGUAGE# http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/If[if]
+
+--
+// HOW TO USE SECTION ENDS

Language/Functions/Arduino DUE only/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+= {} Curly Braces
+
+
+// OVERVIEW SECTION STARTS
+[#overview]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Description
+Curly braces (also referred to as just "braces" or as "curly brackets") are a major part of the C programming language. They are used in several different constructs, outlined below, and this can sometimes be confusing for beginners. +
+An opening curly brace "{" must always be followed by a closing curly brace "}". This is a condition that is often referred to as the braces being balanced. The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) includes a convenient feature to check the balance of curly braces. Just select a brace, or even click the insertion point immediately following a brace, and its logical companion will be highlighted.
+[%hardbreaks]
+Beginners programmers, and programmers coming to C from the BASIC language often find using braces confusing or daunting. After all, the same curly braces replace the RETURN statement in a subroutine (function), the ENDIF statement in a conditional and the NEXT statement in a FOR loop.
+[%hardbreaks]
+Unbalanced braces can often lead to cryptic, impenetrable compiler errors that can sometimes be hard to track down in a large program. Because of their varied usages, braces are also incredibly important to the syntax of a program and moving a brace one or two lines will often dramatically affect the meaning of a program.
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+--
+// OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS
+
+
+
+
+// HOW TO USE SECTION STARTS
+[#howtouse]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Example
+The main uses of curly braces are listed in the examples below.
+
+
+
+[float]
+==== Functions
+
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+void myfunction(datatype argument){
+  statements(s)
+}
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+
+
+[float]
+==== Loops
+
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+while (boolean expression)
+{
+ statement(s)
+}
+
+do
+{
+ statement(s)
+} while (boolean expression);
+
+for (initialisation; termination condition; incrementing expr)
+{
+ statement(s)
+} 
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+
+
+[float]
+==== Functions
+
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+if (boolean expression)
+{
+ statement(s)
+}
+
+else if (boolean expression)
+{
+ statement(s)
+} 
+else
+{
+ statement(s)
+}
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+
+--
+// HOW TO USE SECTION ENDS

Language/Functions/Bits and Bytes/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+= setup()
+
+
+// OVERVIEW SECTION STARTS
+[#overview]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Description
+The `setup()` function is called when a sketch starts. Use it to initialize variables, pin modes, when you start using libraries, etc. The setup function will only run once, after each powerup or reset of the Arduino board.
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+[float]
+=== Syntax
+`setup()`
+
+[float]
+=== Returns
+Nothing
+
+--
+// OVERVIEW SECTION ENDS
+
+
+
+
+// HOW TO USE SECTION STARTS
+[#howtouse]
+--
+
+[float]
+=== Example
+
+[source,arduino]
+----
+int buttonPin = 3;
+
+void setup()
+{
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
+}
+
+void loop()
+{
+  // ...
+}
+----
+[%hardbreaks]
+
+--
+// HOW TO USE SECTION ENDS

Language/Functions/Communication/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+= HIGH | LOW

Language/Functions/Communication/Serial/.gitkeep

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+= sizeof()