diff --git a/.licensed.yml b/.licensed.yml
index b8e0c834..e06c0e96 100644
--- a/.licensed.yml
+++ b/.licensed.yml
@@ -2,6 +2,11 @@
 sources:
   go: true
 
+reviewed:
+  go:
+    - golang.org/x/exp/constraints
+    - golang.org/x/exp/slices
+
 apps:
   - source_path: ./
 
@@ -11,6 +16,7 @@ allowed:
   - gpl-1.0-or-later
   - gpl-1.0+ # Deprecated ID for `gpl-1.0-or-later`
   - gpl-2.0-or-later
+  - gpl-2.0
   - gpl-2.0+ # Deprecated ID for `gpl-2.0-or-later`
   - gpl-3.0-only
   - gpl-3.0 # Deprecated ID for `gpl-3.0-only`
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..759a2ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+---
+name: github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager
+version: v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235
+type: go
+summary:
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/LICENSE.txt
+  text: |2
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                           Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+     Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                                Preamble
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+                         END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+                How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
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+
+      To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
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+    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
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+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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+
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+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+    might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+    if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+    For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+      The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+    into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+    may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+    the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/license_header.tpl
+  text: |
+    This file is part of arduino-cli.
+
+    Copyright{{ if .Year }} {{.Year}}{{ end }} {{.Holder}}
+
+    This software is released under the GNU General Public License version 3,
+    which covers the main part of arduino-cli.
+    The terms of this license can be found at:
+    https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above licenses by purchasing
+    a commercial license. Buying such a license is mandatory if you want to
+    modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the
+    Arduino software without disclosing the source code of your own applications.
+    To purchase a commercial license, send an email to license@arduino.cc.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/README.md
+  text: |-
+    Arduino CLI is licensed under the [GPL 3.0] license.
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above license by purchasing a commercial license. Buying such a license
+    is mandatory if you want to modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the Arduino
+    software without disclosing the source code of your own applications. To purchase a commercial license, send an email to
+    license@arduino.cc
+
+    [install]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation
+    [user documentation]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/
+    [getting started]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/getting-started/
+    [commands reference]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/commands/arduino-cli
+    [faq]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/FAQ/
+    [how to contribute]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/CONTRIBUTING/
+    [contributors]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/graphs/contributors
+    [nightly builds]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation/#nightly-builds
+    [security policy]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/security/policy
+    [gpl 3.0]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..822e3023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+---
+name: github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery
+version: v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235
+type: go
+summary:
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/LICENSE.txt
+  text: |2
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                           Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+     Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                                Preamble
+
+      The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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+
+      The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
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+
+      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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+
+      A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
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+    or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+      Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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+
+      12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
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+      13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
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+
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+                         END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+                How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
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+
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+    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
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+
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+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
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+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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+
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+
+        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+    might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+    if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+    For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+      The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+    into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+    may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+    the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/license_header.tpl
+  text: |
+    This file is part of arduino-cli.
+
+    Copyright{{ if .Year }} {{.Year}}{{ end }} {{.Holder}}
+
+    This software is released under the GNU General Public License version 3,
+    which covers the main part of arduino-cli.
+    The terms of this license can be found at:
+    https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above licenses by purchasing
+    a commercial license. Buying such a license is mandatory if you want to
+    modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the
+    Arduino software without disclosing the source code of your own applications.
+    To purchase a commercial license, send an email to license@arduino.cc.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/README.md
+  text: |-
+    Arduino CLI is licensed under the [GPL 3.0] license.
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above license by purchasing a commercial license. Buying such a license
+    is mandatory if you want to modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the Arduino
+    software without disclosing the source code of your own applications. To purchase a commercial license, send an email to
+    license@arduino.cc
+
+    [install]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation
+    [user documentation]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/
+    [getting started]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/getting-started/
+    [commands reference]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/commands/arduino-cli
+    [faq]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/FAQ/
+    [how to contribute]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/CONTRIBUTING/
+    [contributors]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/graphs/contributors
+    [nightly builds]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation/#nightly-builds
+    [security policy]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/security/policy
+    [gpl 3.0]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery/discoverymanager.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery/discoverymanager.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..944e8878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery/discoverymanager.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+---
+name: github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery/discoverymanager
+version: v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235
+type: go
+summary:
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/discovery/discoverymanager
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/LICENSE.txt
+  text: |2
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                           Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+     Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                                Preamble
+
+      The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+    software and other kinds of works.
+
+      The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+    to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+    the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+    share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+    software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+    GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+    any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+    your programs, too.
+
+      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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+
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+
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+
+      Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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+      The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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+
+                           TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+      0. Definitions.
+
+      "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
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+      "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
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+    the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
+    menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
+
+      1. Source Code.
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+      The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
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+
+      Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
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+                         END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+                How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
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+    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
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+        the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+        (at your option) any later version.
+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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+
+    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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+        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+    might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+    if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+    For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+      The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+    into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+    may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+    the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/license_header.tpl
+  text: |
+    This file is part of arduino-cli.
+
+    Copyright{{ if .Year }} {{.Year}}{{ end }} {{.Holder}}
+
+    This software is released under the GNU General Public License version 3,
+    which covers the main part of arduino-cli.
+    The terms of this license can be found at:
+    https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above licenses by purchasing
+    a commercial license. Buying such a license is mandatory if you want to
+    modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the
+    Arduino software without disclosing the source code of your own applications.
+    To purchase a commercial license, send an email to license@arduino.cc.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/README.md
+  text: |-
+    Arduino CLI is licensed under the [GPL 3.0] license.
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above license by purchasing a commercial license. Buying such a license
+    is mandatory if you want to modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the Arduino
+    software without disclosing the source code of your own applications. To purchase a commercial license, send an email to
+    license@arduino.cc
+
+    [install]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation
+    [user documentation]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/
+    [getting started]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/getting-started/
+    [commands reference]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/commands/arduino-cli
+    [faq]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/FAQ/
+    [how to contribute]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/CONTRIBUTING/
+    [contributors]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/graphs/contributors
+    [nightly builds]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation/#nightly-builds
+    [security policy]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/security/policy
+    [gpl 3.0]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/sketch.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/sketch.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c067e07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/sketch.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+---
+name: github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/sketch
+version: v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235
+type: go
+summary:
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/sketch
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/LICENSE.txt
+  text: |2
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                           Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+     Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                                Preamble
+
+      The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
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+
+      THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+    APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+    HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+    OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+    THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+    PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+    IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+    ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+      16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+      IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+    WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+    THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+    GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+    USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+    DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+    PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+    EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+    SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+      17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+      If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+    above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+    reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+    an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+    Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+    copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                         END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+                How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+      If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+    possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+    free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+      To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+    to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+    state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+        Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+        This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+        the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+        (at your option) any later version.
+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+        GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+        along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+      If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
+    notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+        <program>  Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+        This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
+    might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
+
+      You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+    if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+    For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+      The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
+    into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
+    may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
+    the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
+    <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/license_header.tpl
+  text: |
+    This file is part of arduino-cli.
+
+    Copyright{{ if .Year }} {{.Year}}{{ end }} {{.Holder}}
+
+    This software is released under the GNU General Public License version 3,
+    which covers the main part of arduino-cli.
+    The terms of this license can be found at:
+    https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above licenses by purchasing
+    a commercial license. Buying such a license is mandatory if you want to
+    modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the
+    Arduino software without disclosing the source code of your own applications.
+    To purchase a commercial license, send an email to license@arduino.cc.
+- sources: arduino-cli@v0.0.0-20230613145607-5725c0273235/README.md
+  text: |-
+    Arduino CLI is licensed under the [GPL 3.0] license.
+
+    You can be released from the requirements of the above license by purchasing a commercial license. Buying such a license
+    is mandatory if you want to modify or otherwise use the software for commercial activities involving the Arduino
+    software without disclosing the source code of your own applications. To purchase a commercial license, send an email to
+    license@arduino.cc
+
+    [install]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation
+    [user documentation]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/
+    [getting started]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/getting-started/
+    [commands reference]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/commands/arduino-cli
+    [faq]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/FAQ/
+    [how to contribute]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/CONTRIBUTING/
+    [contributors]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/graphs/contributors
+    [nightly builds]: https://arduino.github.io/arduino-cli/latest/installation/#nightly-builds
+    [security policy]: https://github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/security/policy
+    [gpl 3.0]: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.en.html
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/go-timeutils.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/go-timeutils.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6aff6a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/github.com/arduino/go-timeutils.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+---
+name: github.com/arduino/go-timeutils
+version: v0.0.0-20171220113728-d1dd9e313b1b
+type: go
+summary:
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/arduino/go-timeutils
+license: gpl-2.0
+licenses:
+- sources: LICENSE.txt
+  text: |2
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                           Version 2, June 1991
+
+     Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+     51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                                Preamble
+
+      The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
+    freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
+    License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
+    software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
+    General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
+    Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
+    using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
+    the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
+    your programs, too.
+
+      When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+    price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+    have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+    this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
+    if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
+    in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
+
+      To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
+    anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
+    These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
+    distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
+
+      For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+    gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
+    you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
+    source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
+    rights.
+
+      We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
+    (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
+    distribute and/or modify the software.
+
+      Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
+    that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
+    software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
+    want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
+    that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
+    authors' reputations.
+
+      Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
+    patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
+    program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
+    program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
+    patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
+
+      The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+    modification follow.
+
+                        GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+       TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
+
+      0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
+    a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
+    under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
+    refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
+    means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
+    that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
+    either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
+    language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
+    the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
+
+    Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
+    covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
+    running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
+    is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
+    Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
+    Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
+
+      1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
+    source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
+    conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
+    copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
+    notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
+    and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
+    along with the Program.
+
+    You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
+    you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
+
+      2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
+    of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
+    distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
+    above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
+
+        a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
+        stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
+
+        b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
+        whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
+        part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
+        parties under the terms of this License.
+
+        c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
+        when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
+        interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
+        announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
+        notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
+        a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
+        these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
+        License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
+        does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
+        the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
+
+    These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
+    identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
+    and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
+    themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
+    sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
+    distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
+    on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
+    this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
+    entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
+
+    Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
+    your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
+    exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
+    collective works based on the Program.
+
+    In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
+    with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
+    a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
+    the scope of this License.
+
+      3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
+    under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
+    Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
+
+        a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
+        source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
+        1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+        b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
+        years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
+        cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
+        machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
+        distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
+        customarily used for software interchange; or,
+
+        c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
+        to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
+        allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
+        received the program in object code or executable form with such
+        an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
+
+    The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
+    making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
+    code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
+    associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
+    control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
+    special exception, the source code distributed need not include
+    anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
+    form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
+    operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
+    itself accompanies the executable.
+
+    If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
+    access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
+    access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
+    distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
+    compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
+
+      4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
+    except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
+    otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
+    void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
+    However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
+    this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+    parties remain in full compliance.
+
+      5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
+    signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
+    distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
+    prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
+    modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
+    Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
+    all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
+    the Program or works based on it.
+
+      6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
+    Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
+    original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
+    these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
+    restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
+    You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
+    this License.
+
+      7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
+    infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
+    conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+    otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+    excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
+    distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+    License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
+    may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
+    license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
+    all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
+    the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
+    refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
+
+    If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
+    any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
+    apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
+    circumstances.
+
+    It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
+    patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
+    such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
+    integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
+    implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
+    generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
+    through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
+    system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
+    to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
+    impose that choice.
+
+    This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
+    be a consequence of the rest of this License.
+
+      8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
+    certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
+    original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
+    may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
+    those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
+    countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
+    the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
+
+      9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
+    of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
+    be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+    address new problems or concerns.
+
+    Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
+    specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
+    later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
+    either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
+    Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
+    this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
+    Foundation.
+
+      10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
+    programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
+    to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
+    Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
+    make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
+    of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
+    of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
+
+                                NO WARRANTY
+
+      11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
+    FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
+    OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
+    PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
+    OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+    MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
+    TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
+    PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
+    REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+      12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+    WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
+    REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
+    INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
+    OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
+    TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
+    YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
+    PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+    POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+                         END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+                How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+      If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+    possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+    free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+      To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+    to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+    convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+    the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+        <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+        Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+        This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+        it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+        the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+        (at your option) any later version.
+
+        This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+        but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+        MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+        GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+        You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+        with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+        51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+
+    Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+    If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
+    when it starts in an interactive mode:
+
+        Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
+        Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
+        This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
+        under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
+
+    The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
+    parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
+    be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
+    mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
+
+    You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
+    school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
+    necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
+
+      Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
+      `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
+
+      <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
+      Ty Coon, President of Vice
+
+    This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
+    proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
+    consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
+    library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
+    Public License instead of this License.
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/constraints.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/constraints.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b863c175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/constraints.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+---
+name: golang.org/x/exp/constraints
+version: v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29
+type: go
+summary: Package constraints defines a set of useful constraints to be used with type
+  parameters.
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/constraints
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: exp@v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/LICENSE
+  text: |
+    Copyright (c) 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+    met:
+
+       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+    in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+    distribution.
+       * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+    A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+    OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+    SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+    LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+    OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+- sources: exp@v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/PATENTS
+  text: |
+    Additional IP Rights Grant (Patents)
+
+    "This implementation" means the copyrightable works distributed by
+    Google as part of the Go project.
+
+    Google hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive,
+    no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section)
+    patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import,
+    transfer and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of this
+    implementation of Go, where such license applies only to those patent
+    claims, both currently owned or controlled by Google and acquired in
+    the future, licensable by Google that are necessarily infringed by this
+    implementation of Go.  This grant does not include claims that would be
+    infringed only as a consequence of further modification of this
+    implementation.  If you or your agent or exclusive licensee institute or
+    order or agree to the institution of patent litigation against any
+    entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging
+    that this implementation of Go or any code incorporated within this
+    implementation of Go constitutes direct or contributory patent
+    infringement, or inducement of patent infringement, then any patent
+    rights granted to you under this License for this implementation of Go
+    shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/slices.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/slices.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1f19785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/golang.org/x/exp/slices.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+---
+name: golang.org/x/exp/slices
+version: v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29
+type: go
+summary: Package slices defines various functions useful with slices of any type.
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/golang.org/x/exp/slices
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: exp@v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/LICENSE
+  text: |
+    Copyright (c) 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+    met:
+
+       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+    in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+    distribution.
+       * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+    this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+    "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+    LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+    A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+    OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+    SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+    LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+    DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+    THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+    (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+    OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+- sources: exp@v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/PATENTS
+  text: |
+    Additional IP Rights Grant (Patents)
+
+    "This implementation" means the copyrightable works distributed by
+    Google as part of the Go project.
+
+    Google hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive,
+    no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section)
+    patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import,
+    transfer and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of this
+    implementation of Go, where such license applies only to those patent
+    claims, both currently owned or controlled by Google and acquired in
+    the future, licensable by Google that are necessarily infringed by this
+    implementation of Go.  This grant does not include claims that would be
+    infringed only as a consequence of further modification of this
+    implementation.  If you or your agent or exclusive licensee institute or
+    order or agree to the institution of patent litigation against any
+    entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging
+    that this implementation of Go or any code incorporated within this
+    implementation of Go constitutes direct or contributory patent
+    infringement, or inducement of patent infringement, then any patent
+    rights granted to you under this License for this implementation of Go
+    shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
+notices: []
diff --git a/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/gopkg.in/yaml.v3.dep.yml b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/gopkg.in/yaml.v3.dep.yml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77248e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.licenses/arduino-fwuploader/go/gopkg.in/yaml.v3.dep.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+---
+name: gopkg.in/yaml.v3
+version: v3.0.1
+type: go
+summary: Package yaml implements YAML support for the Go language.
+homepage: https://pkg.go.dev/gopkg.in/yaml.v3
+license: other
+licenses:
+- sources: LICENSE
+  text: |2
+
+    This project is covered by two different licenses: MIT and Apache.
+
+    #### MIT License ####
+
+    The following files were ported to Go from C files of libyaml, and thus
+    are still covered by their original MIT license, with the additional
+    copyright staring in 2011 when the project was ported over:
+
+        apic.go emitterc.go parserc.go readerc.go scannerc.go
+        writerc.go yamlh.go yamlprivateh.go
+
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2010 Kirill Simonov
+    Copyright (c) 2006-2011 Kirill Simonov
+
+    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+    this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+    the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+    use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+    of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+    so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+    copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+    SOFTWARE.
+
+    ### Apache License ###
+
+    All the remaining project files are covered by the Apache license:
+
+    Copyright (c) 2011-2019 Canonical Ltd
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
+- sources: README.md
+  text: |-
+    The yaml package is licensed under the MIT and Apache License 2.0 licenses.
+    Please see the LICENSE file for details.
+notices:
+- sources: NOTICE
+  text: |-
+    Copyright 2011-2016 Canonical Ltd.
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+    limitations under the License.
diff --git a/certificates/certutils.go b/certificates/certutils.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1de8f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/certificates/certutils.go
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+	arduino-fwuploader
+	Copyright (c) 2023 Arduino LLC.  All right reserved.
+
+	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+	by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+	along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+package certificates
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/pem"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// ScrapeRootCertificatesFromURL downloads from a webserver the root certificate
+// required to connect to that server from the TLS handshake response.
+func ScrapeRootCertificatesFromURL(URL string) (*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	conn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", URL, &tls.Config{
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Error(err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	if err := conn.Handshake(); err != nil {
+		logrus.Error(err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	peerCertificates := conn.ConnectionState().PeerCertificates
+	if len(peerCertificates) == 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("no peer certificates found at %s", URL)
+		logrus.Error(err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	rootCertificate := peerCertificates[len(peerCertificates)-1]
+	return rootCertificate, nil
+}
+
+// LoadCertificatesFromFile read certificates from the given file. PEM and CER formats
+// are supported.
+func LoadCertificatesFromFile(certificateFile *paths.Path) ([]*x509.Certificate, error) {
+	data, err := certificateFile.ReadFile()
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Error(err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var res []*x509.Certificate
+	switch certificateFile.Ext() {
+	case ".cer":
+		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Error(err)
+		}
+		res = append(res, cert)
+		return res, err
+
+	case ".pem":
+		for {
+			block, rest := pem.Decode(data)
+			data = rest
+			if block == nil && len(rest) > 0 {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid .pem data")
+			}
+			if block == nil {
+				return res, nil
+			}
+			cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(block.Bytes)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse certificate: %w", err)
+			}
+			res = append(res, cert)
+			if len(rest) == 0 {
+				return res, nil
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cert format %s not supported, please use .pem or .cer", certificateFile.Ext())
+	}
+}
+
+// EncodeCertificateAsPEM returns the PEM encoding of the given certificate
+func EncodeCertificateAsPEM(cert *x509.Certificate) []byte {
+	pemBlock := &pem.Block{
+		Type:  "CERTIFICATE",
+		Bytes: cert.Raw,
+	}
+	return pem.EncodeToMemory(pemBlock)
+}
diff --git a/cli/certificates/flash.go b/cli/certificates/flash.go
index 34239310..1c1c0b5f 100644
--- a/cli/certificates/flash.go
+++ b/cli/certificates/flash.go
@@ -20,30 +20,35 @@ package certificates
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/certificates"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/arguments"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/common"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/globals"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/flasher"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/download"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/firmwareindex"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/plugin"
 	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
 var (
-	commonFlags      arguments.Flags
-	certificateURLs  []string
-	certificatePaths []string
+	commonFlags arguments.Flags
 )
 
 // NewFlashCommand creates a new `flash` command
 func NewFlashCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var certificateURLs []string
+	var certificatePaths []string
 	command := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "flash",
 		Short: "Flashes certificates to board.",
@@ -53,7 +58,9 @@ func NewFlashCommand() *cobra.Command {
 			"  " + os.Args[0] + " certificates flash -b arduino:samd:mkr1000 -a COM10 -u arduino.cc:443 -u google.com:443\n" +
 			"  " + os.Args[0] + " certificates flash -b arduino:samd:mkr1000 -a COM10 -f /home/me/VeriSign.cer -f /home/me/Digicert.cer\n",
 		Args: cobra.NoArgs,
-		Run:  runFlash,
+		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+			runFlash(certificateURLs, certificatePaths)
+		},
 	}
 	commonFlags.AddToCommand(command)
 	command.Flags().StringSliceVarP(&certificateURLs, "url", "u", []string{}, "List of urls to download root certificates, e.g.: arduino.cc:443")
@@ -61,19 +68,101 @@ func NewFlashCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	return command
 }
 
-func runFlash(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+func runFlash(certificateURLs, certificatePaths []string) {
 	// at the end cleanup the fwuploader temp dir
 	defer globals.FwUploaderPath.RemoveAll()
 
-	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
 	common.CheckFlags(commonFlags.Fqbn, commonFlags.Address)
-	board := common.GetBoard(firmwareIndex, commonFlags.Fqbn)
-	uploadToolDir := common.GetUploadToolDir(packageIndex, board)
-
 	if len(certificateURLs) == 0 && len(certificatePaths) == 0 {
 		feedback.Fatal("Error during certificates flashing: no certificates provided", feedback.ErrBadArgument)
 	}
 
+	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
+	board := common.GetBoard(firmwareIndex, commonFlags.Fqbn)
+	uploadToolDir := common.DownloadRequiredToolsForBoard(packageIndex, board)
+
+	var res *flasher.FlashResult
+	var flashErr error
+	if !board.IsPlugin() {
+		res, flashErr = flashCertificates(board, uploadToolDir, certificateURLs, certificatePaths)
+	} else {
+		uploader, err := plugin.NewFWUploaderPlugin(uploadToolDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Could not open uploader plugin: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
+		res, flashErr = flashCertificatesWithPlugin(uploader, certificateURLs, certificatePaths)
+	}
+
+	feedback.PrintResult(res)
+	if flashErr != nil {
+		os.Exit(int(feedback.ErrGeneric))
+	}
+}
+
+func flashCertificatesWithPlugin(uploader *plugin.FwUploader, certificateURLs, certificatePaths []string) (*flasher.FlashResult, error) {
+	tmp, err := paths.MkTempDir("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer tmp.RemoveAll()
+	certsBundle := tmp.Join("certs.pem")
+
+	stdoutBuffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	stderrBuffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	var stdout io.Writer = stdoutBuffer
+	var stderr io.Writer = stdoutBuffer
+	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.Text {
+		stdout = io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, stdoutBuffer)
+		stderr = io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, stderrBuffer)
+	}
+
+	var allCerts []*x509.Certificate
+	for _, certPath := range certificatePaths {
+		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate %s", certPath)
+		stdout.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate %s\n", certPath)))
+
+		certs, err := certificates.LoadCertificatesFromFile(paths.New(certPath))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		allCerts = append(allCerts, certs...)
+	}
+
+	for _, URL := range certificateURLs {
+		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate from %s", URL)
+		stdout.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate from %s\n", URL)))
+		rootCert, err := certificates.ScrapeRootCertificatesFromURL(URL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		allCerts = append(allCerts, rootCert)
+	}
+
+	f, err := certsBundle.Create()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close() // Defer close if an error occurs while writing file
+	for _, cert := range allCerts {
+		_, err := f.Write(certificates.EncodeCertificateAsPEM(cert))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if err := f.Close(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	_, err = uploader.FlashCertificates(commonFlags.Address, commonFlags.Fqbn, globals.LogLevel, globals.Verbose, certsBundle, stdout, stderr)
+	return &flasher.FlashResult{
+		Flasher: &flasher.ExecOutput{
+			Stdout: stdoutBuffer.String(),
+			Stderr: stderrBuffer.String(),
+		},
+	}, err
+}
+
+func flashCertificates(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, uploadToolDir *paths.Path, certificateURLs, certificatePaths []string) (*flasher.FlashResult, error) {
 	loaderSketchPath, err := download.DownloadSketch(board.LoaderSketch)
 	if err != nil {
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading loader sketch from %s: %s", board.LoaderSketch.URL, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
@@ -81,7 +170,6 @@ func runFlash(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	logrus.Debugf("loader sketch downloaded in %s", loaderSketchPath.String())
 
 	loaderSketch := strings.ReplaceAll(loaderSketchPath.String(), loaderSketchPath.Ext(), "")
-
 	programmerOut, programmerErr, err := common.FlashSketch(board, loaderSketch, uploadToolDir, commonFlags.Address)
 	if err != nil {
 		feedback.FatalError(err, feedback.ErrGeneric)
@@ -109,38 +197,33 @@ func runFlash(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown module: %s", moduleName)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error during certificates flashing: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
 	// now flash the certificate
 	certFileList := paths.NewPathList(certificatePaths...)
+	flasherOut := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	flasherErr := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.JSON {
-		flasherOut := new(bytes.Buffer)
-		flasherErr := new(bytes.Buffer)
 		err = f.FlashCertificates(&certFileList, certificateURLs, flasherOut)
 		if err != nil {
 			flasherErr.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Error during certificates flashing: %s", err)))
 		}
-		// Print the results
-		feedback.PrintResult(&flasher.FlashResult{
-			Programmer: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
-				Stdout: programmerOut.String(),
-				Stderr: programmerErr.String(),
-			}),
-			Flasher: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
-				Stdout: flasherOut.String(),
-				Stderr: flasherErr.String(),
-			}),
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			os.Exit(int(feedback.ErrGeneric))
-		}
 	} else {
-		err = f.FlashCertificates(&certFileList, certificateURLs, os.Stdout)
+		err = f.FlashCertificates(&certFileList, certificateURLs, io.MultiWriter(flasherOut, os.Stdout))
 		if err != nil {
-			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error during certificates flashing: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+			os.Stderr.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Error during certificates flashing: %s", err)))
 		}
 	}
+	return &flasher.FlashResult{
+		Programmer: &flasher.ExecOutput{
+			Stdout: programmerOut.String(),
+			Stderr: programmerErr.String(),
+		},
+		Flasher: &flasher.ExecOutput{
+			Stdout: flasherOut.String(),
+			Stderr: flasherErr.String(),
+		},
+	}, err
 }
diff --git a/cli/cli.go b/cli/cli.go
index ea492aa4..66b14193 100644
--- a/cli/cli.go
+++ b/cli/cli.go
@@ -24,10 +24,11 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/certificates"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/common"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/firmware"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/globals"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/version"
-
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
 	v "github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/version"
 	"github.com/mattn/go-colorable"
 	"github.com/rifflock/lfshook"
@@ -36,11 +37,11 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	outputFormat string
-	verbose      bool
-	logFile      string
-	logFormat    string
-	logLevel     string
+	outputFormat           string
+	logFile                string
+	logFormat              string
+	additionalFirmwareURLs []string
+	additionalPackageURLs  []string
 )
 
 func NewCommand() *cobra.Command {
@@ -61,9 +62,10 @@ func NewCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&outputFormat, "format", "text", "The output format, can be {text|json}.")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&logFile, "log-file", "", "Path to the file where logs will be written")
 	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&logFormat, "log-format", "", "The output format for the logs, can be {text|json}.")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&logLevel, "log-level", "info", "Messages with this level and above will be logged. Valid levels are: trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal, panic")
-	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "Print the logs on the standard output.")
-
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringVar(&globals.LogLevel, "log-level", "info", "Messages with this level and above will be logged. Valid levels are: trace, debug, info, warn, error, fatal, panic")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().BoolVarP(&globals.Verbose, "verbose", "v", false, "Print the logs on the standard output.")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringArrayVarP(&additionalFirmwareURLs, "additional-fw-index", "F", nil, "Additional firmwares index URLs (useful for testing purposes)")
+	rootCmd.PersistentFlags().StringArrayVarP(&additionalPackageURLs, "additional-packages-index", "P", nil, "Additional packages index URLs (useful for testing purposes)")
 	return rootCmd
 }
 
@@ -84,7 +86,6 @@ func toLogLevel(s string) (t logrus.Level, found bool) {
 }
 
 func preRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-
 	// Prepare the Feedback system
 	// check the right output format was passed
 	format, found := feedback.ParseOutputFormat(outputFormat)
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func preRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	feedback.SetFormat(format)
 
 	// Prepare logging
-	if verbose {
+	if globals.Verbose {
 		// if we print on stdout, do it in full colors
 		logrus.SetOutput(colorable.NewColorableStdout())
 		logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.TextFormatter{
@@ -125,11 +126,15 @@ func preRun(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	}
 
 	// Configure logging filter
-	if lvl, found := toLogLevel(logLevel); !found {
-		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid option for --log-level: %s", logLevel), feedback.ErrBadArgument)
+	if lvl, found := toLogLevel(globals.LogLevel); !found {
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Invalid option for --log-level: %s", globals.LogLevel), feedback.ErrBadArgument)
 	} else {
 		logrus.SetLevel(lvl)
 	}
 
 	logrus.Info(v.VersionInfo)
+
+	// Setup additional indexes
+	common.AdditionalPackageIndexURLs = append(common.AdditionalPackageIndexURLs, additionalPackageURLs...)
+	common.AdditionalFirmwareIndexURLs = append(common.AdditionalFirmwareIndexURLs, additionalFirmwareURLs...)
 }
diff --git a/cli/common/common.go b/cli/common/common.go
index f4ec508c..10a1c13d 100644
--- a/cli/common/common.go
+++ b/cli/common/common.go
@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ import (
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packageindex"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/serialutils"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/globals"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/download"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/firmwareindex"
@@ -36,18 +37,46 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// InitIndexes does exactly what the name implies
-func InitIndexes() (*packageindex.Index, *firmwareindex.Index) {
-	packageIndex, err := indexes.GetPackageIndex()
-	if err != nil {
+// AdditionalPackageIndexURLs is a list of additional package_index.json URLs that
+// are loaded together with the main index.
+var AdditionalPackageIndexURLs []string
+
+// AdditionalFirmwareIndexURLs is a list of additional module_firmware_index.json URLs that
+// are loaded together with the main index.
+var AdditionalFirmwareIndexURLs []string
+
+// InitIndexes downloads and parses the package_index.json and firmwares_index.json
+func InitIndexes() (*packagemanager.PackageManager, *firmwareindex.Index) {
+	// Load main package index and optional additional indexes
+	pmbuilder := packagemanager.NewBuilder(nil, nil, nil, nil, "")
+	if err := indexes.GetPackageIndex(pmbuilder, globals.PackageIndexGZURL); err != nil {
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't load package index: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
+	for _, indexURL := range AdditionalPackageIndexURLs {
+		if err := indexes.GetPackageIndex(pmbuilder, indexURL); err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't load firmware index: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
+	}
 
-	firmwareIndex, err := indexes.GetFirmwareIndex()
+	// Load main firmware index and optional additional indexes
+	firmwareIndex, err := indexes.GetFirmwareIndex(globals.ModuleFirmwareIndexGZURL, true)
 	if err != nil {
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't load firmware index: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
-	return packageIndex, firmwareIndex
+	if pluginIndex, err := indexes.GetFirmwareIndex(globals.PluginFirmwareIndexGZURL, true); err != nil {
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't load (plugin) firmware index: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+	} else {
+		firmwareIndex.MergeWith(pluginIndex)
+	}
+	for _, additionalURL := range AdditionalFirmwareIndexURLs {
+		additionalIndex, err := indexes.GetFirmwareIndex(additionalURL, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't load firmware index: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
+		firmwareIndex.MergeWith(additionalIndex)
+	}
+
+	return pmbuilder.Build(), firmwareIndex
 }
 
 // CheckFlags runs a basic check, errors if the flags are not defined
@@ -73,19 +102,36 @@ func GetBoard(firmwareIndex *firmwareindex.Index, fqbn string) *firmwareindex.In
 	return board
 }
 
-// GetUploadToolDir is an helper function that downloads the correct tool to flash a board,
+// DownloadRequiredToolsForBoard is an helper function that downloads the correct tool to flash a board,
 // it returns the path of the downloaded tool
-func GetUploadToolDir(packageIndex *packageindex.Index, board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard) *paths.Path {
-	toolRelease := indexes.GetToolRelease(packageIndex, board.Uploader)
+func DownloadRequiredToolsForBoard(pm *packagemanager.PackageManager, board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard) *paths.Path {
+	if !board.IsPlugin() {
+		// Just download the upload tool for integrated uploaders
+		return downloadTool(pm, board.Uploader)
+	}
+
+	// Download the plugin
+	toolDir := downloadTool(pm, board.UploaderPlugin)
+
+	// Also download the other additional tools
+	for _, tool := range board.AdditionalTools {
+		_ = downloadTool(pm, tool)
+	}
+
+	return toolDir
+}
+
+func downloadTool(pm *packagemanager.PackageManager, tool string) *paths.Path {
+	toolRelease := indexes.GetToolRelease(pm, tool)
 	if toolRelease == nil {
-		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error getting upload tool %s for board %s", board.Uploader, board.Fqbn), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error getting upload tool %s", tool), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
-	uploadToolDir, err := download.DownloadTool(toolRelease)
+	toolDir, err := download.DownloadTool(toolRelease)
 	if err != nil {
-		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading tool %s: %s", board.Uploader, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading tool %s: %s", tool, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
-	logrus.Debugf("upload tool downloaded in %s", uploadToolDir.String())
-	return uploadToolDir
+	logrus.Debugf("upload tool downloaded in %s", toolDir.String())
+	return toolDir
 }
 
 // FlashSketch is the business logic that handles the flashing procedure,
diff --git a/cli/firmware/flash.go b/cli/firmware/flash.go
index 788b3e5f..b4bd9ebd 100644
--- a/cli/firmware/flash.go
+++ b/cli/firmware/flash.go
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ package firmware
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/flasher"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/download"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/firmwareindex"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/plugin"
 	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ import (
 var (
 	commonFlags arguments.Flags // contains fqbn and address
 	module      string
-	retries     uint8
+	retries     int
 	fwFile      string
 )
 
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ func NewFlashCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	}
 	commonFlags.AddToCommand(command)
 	command.Flags().StringVarP(&module, "module", "m", "", "Firmware module ID, e.g.: WINC1500, NINA")
-	command.Flags().Uint8Var(&retries, "retries", 9, "Number of retries in case of upload failure (default 9)")
+	command.Flags().IntVar(&retries, "retries", 9, "Number of retries in case of upload failure (default 9)")
 	command.Flags().StringVarP(&fwFile, "input-file", "i", "", "Path of the firmware to upload")
 	return command
 }
@@ -69,30 +71,29 @@ func runFlash(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	// at the end cleanup the fwuploader temp dir
 	defer globals.FwUploaderPath.RemoveAll()
 
-	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
+	if retries < 1 {
+		feedback.Fatal("Number of retries should be at least 1", feedback.ErrBadArgument)
+	}
+
 	common.CheckFlags(commonFlags.Fqbn, commonFlags.Address)
+	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
 	board := common.GetBoard(firmwareIndex, commonFlags.Fqbn)
-	uploadToolDir := common.GetUploadToolDir(packageIndex, board)
+	uploadToolDir := common.DownloadRequiredToolsForBoard(packageIndex, board)
 
 	// Get module name if not specified
-	moduleName := ""
+	moduleName := board.Module
 	moduleVersion := ""
-	if module == "" {
-		moduleName = board.Module
-	} else {
-		moduleSplit := strings.Split(module, "@")
-		if len(moduleSplit) == 2 {
-			moduleName = moduleSplit[0]
-			moduleVersion = moduleSplit[1]
-		} else {
-			moduleName = module
+	if module != "" {
+		split := strings.SplitN(module, "@", 2)
+		moduleName = split[0]
+		if len(split) == 2 {
+			moduleVersion = split[1]
 		}
 	}
 	// Normalize module name
 	moduleName = strings.ToUpper(moduleName)
 
 	var firmwareFilePath *paths.Path
-	var err error
 	// If a local firmware file has been specified
 	if fwFile != "" {
 		firmwareFilePath = paths.New(fwFile)
@@ -103,49 +104,89 @@ func runFlash(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		// Download the firmware
 		var firmware *firmwareindex.IndexFirmware
 		if moduleVersion == "" {
-			firmware = board.LatestFirmware
+			firmware = board.LatestFirmware()
 		} else {
 			firmware = board.GetFirmware(moduleVersion)
 		}
-		logrus.Debugf("module name: %s, firmware version: %s", firmware.Module, firmware.Version.String())
 		if firmware == nil {
 			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error getting firmware for board: %s", commonFlags.Fqbn), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 		}
-		firmwareFilePath, err = download.DownloadFirmware(firmware)
-		if err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("module name: %s, firmware version: %s", firmware.Module, firmware.Version.String())
+		if fwPath, err := download.DownloadFirmware(firmware); err != nil {
 			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading firmware from %s: %s", firmware.URL, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		} else {
+			firmwareFilePath = fwPath
 		}
 		logrus.Debugf("firmware file downloaded in %s", firmwareFilePath.String())
 	}
 
-	loaderSketchPath, err := download.DownloadSketch(board.LoaderSketch)
-	if err != nil {
-		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading loader sketch from %s: %s", board.LoaderSketch.URL, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+	loaderSketch := ""
+	var uploader *plugin.FwUploader
+	if !board.IsPlugin() {
+		loaderSketchPath, err := download.DownloadSketch(board.LoaderSketch)
+		if err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading loader sketch from %s: %s", board.LoaderSketch.URL, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("loader sketch downloaded in %s", loaderSketchPath.String())
+		loaderSketch = strings.ReplaceAll(loaderSketchPath.String(), loaderSketchPath.Ext(), "")
+	} else {
+		var err error
+		uploader, err = plugin.NewFWUploaderPlugin(uploadToolDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Could not open uploader plugin: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
 	}
-	logrus.Debugf("loader sketch downloaded in %s", loaderSketchPath.String())
 
-	loaderSketch := strings.ReplaceAll(loaderSketchPath.String(), loaderSketchPath.Ext(), "")
+	retry := 0
+	for {
+		retry++
+		logrus.Infof("Uploading firmware (try %d of %d)", retry, retries)
 
-	for retry := 1; retry <= int(retries); retry++ {
-		err = updateFirmware(board, loaderSketch, moduleName, uploadToolDir, firmwareFilePath)
+		var res *flasher.FlashResult
+		var err error
+		if !board.IsPlugin() {
+			res, err = updateFirmware(board, loaderSketch, moduleName, uploadToolDir, firmwareFilePath)
+		} else {
+			res, err = updateFirmwareWithPlugin(uploader, firmwareFilePath)
+		}
 		if err == nil {
+			feedback.PrintResult(res)
 			logrus.Info("Operation completed: success! :-)")
 			break
 		}
 		logrus.Error(err)
-		if retry == int(retries) {
+
+		if retry == retries {
 			logrus.Fatal("Operation failed. :-(")
 		}
+
 		logrus.Info("Waiting 1 second before retrying...")
 		time.Sleep(time.Second)
-		logrus.Infof("Retrying upload (%d of %d)", retry, retries)
 	}
 }
 
-func updateFirmware(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, loaderSketch, moduleName string, uploadToolDir, firmwareFile *paths.Path) error {
+func updateFirmwareWithPlugin(uploader *plugin.FwUploader, fwPath *paths.Path) (*flasher.FlashResult, error) {
+	var stdout, stderr io.Writer
+	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.Text {
+		stdout = os.Stdout
+		stderr = os.Stderr
+	}
+	res, err := uploader.FlashFirmware(commonFlags.Address, commonFlags.Fqbn, globals.LogLevel, globals.Verbose, fwPath, stdout, stderr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't update firmware: %s", err)
+	}
+	return &flasher.FlashResult{
+		Programmer: &flasher.ExecOutput{
+			Stdout: string(res.Stdout),
+			Stderr: string(res.Stderr),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func updateFirmware(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, loaderSketch, moduleName string, uploadToolDir, firmwareFile *paths.Path) (*flasher.FlashResult, error) {
 	programmerOut, programmerErr, err := common.FlashSketch(board, loaderSketch, uploadToolDir, commonFlags.Address)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Wait a bit after flashing the loader sketch for the board to become
 	// available again.
@@ -169,7 +210,7 @@ func updateFirmware(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, loaderSketch, moduleName st
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error during firmware flashing: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Error during firmware flashing: %s", err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error during firmware flashing: %s", err)
 	}
 	defer f.Close()
 
@@ -184,11 +225,11 @@ func updateFirmware(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, loaderSketch, moduleName st
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		flasherErr.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Error during firmware flashing: %s", err)))
-		return err
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Print the results
-	feedback.PrintResult(&flasher.FlashResult{
+	return &flasher.FlashResult{
 		Programmer: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
 			Stdout: programmerOut.String(),
 			Stderr: programmerErr.String(),
@@ -197,8 +238,7 @@ func updateFirmware(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, loaderSketch, moduleName st
 			Stdout: flasherOut.String(),
 			Stderr: flasherErr.String(),
 		}),
-	})
-	return nil
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // callback used to print the progress
diff --git a/cli/firmware/getversion.go b/cli/firmware/getversion.go
index 87ce2b6f..16b1ab47 100644
--- a/cli/firmware/getversion.go
+++ b/cli/firmware/getversion.go
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ package firmware
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/flasher"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/download"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/firmwareindex"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/plugin"
+	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	semver "go.bug.st/relaxed-semver"
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@ import (
 
 // NewGetVersionCommand creates a new `get-version` command
 func NewGetVersionCommand() *cobra.Command {
-
 	command := &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "get-version",
 		Short: "Gets the version of the firmware the board is using.",
@@ -57,11 +59,51 @@ func runGetVersion(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	// at the end cleanup the fwuploader temp dir
 	defer globals.FwUploaderPath.RemoveAll()
 
-	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
 	common.CheckFlags(commonFlags.Fqbn, commonFlags.Address)
+	packageIndex, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
 	board := common.GetBoard(firmwareIndex, commonFlags.Fqbn)
-	uploadToolDir := common.GetUploadToolDir(packageIndex, board)
+	uploadToolDir := common.DownloadRequiredToolsForBoard(packageIndex, board)
+
+	var result *flasher.FlashResult
+	if !board.IsPlugin() {
+		result = getVersion(board, uploadToolDir)
+	} else {
+		uploader, err := plugin.NewFWUploaderPlugin(uploadToolDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Could not open uploader plugin: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+		}
+		result = getVersionWithPlugin(uploader)
+	}
+
+	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.Text {
+		fmt.Printf("Firmware version installed: %s", result.Version)
+	} else {
+		// Print the results
+		feedback.PrintResult(result)
+	}
+}
+
+func getVersionWithPlugin(uploader *plugin.FwUploader) *flasher.FlashResult {
+	var stdout, stderr io.Writer
+	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.Text {
+		stdout = os.Stdout
+		stderr = os.Stderr
+	}
+	res, err := uploader.GetFirmwareVersion(commonFlags.Address, commonFlags.Fqbn, globals.LogLevel, globals.Verbose, stdout, stderr)
+	if err != nil {
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't get firmware version: %s", err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
+	}
+
+	return &flasher.FlashResult{
+		Programmer: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
+			Stdout: string(res.Stdout),
+			Stderr: string(res.Stderr),
+		}),
+		Version: res.FirmwareVersion.String(),
+	}
+}
 
+func getVersion(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard, uploadToolDir *paths.Path) *flasher.FlashResult {
 	versionSketchPath, err := download.DownloadSketch(board.VersionSketch)
 	if err != nil {
 		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Error downloading loader sketch from %s: %s", board.LoaderSketch.URL, err), feedback.ErrGeneric)
@@ -79,26 +121,6 @@ func runGetVersion(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 	logrus.Debug("sleeping for 3 sec")
 	time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
 
-	currentVersion, err := getVersion(board)
-	if err != nil {
-		feedback.FatalError(err, feedback.ErrGeneric)
-	}
-	if feedback.GetFormat() == feedback.Text {
-		fmt.Printf("Firmware version installed: %s", currentVersion)
-	} else {
-		// Print the results
-		feedback.PrintResult(&flasher.FlashResult{
-			Programmer: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
-				Stdout: programmerOut.String(),
-				Stderr: programmerErr.String(),
-			}),
-			Version: currentVersion,
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func getVersion(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard) (fwVersion string, err error) {
-
 	// 9600 is the baudrate used in the CheckVersion sketch
 	port, err := flasher.OpenSerial(commonFlags.Address, 9600, 2)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -124,11 +146,18 @@ func getVersion(board *firmwareindex.IndexBoard) (fwVersion string, err error) {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Firmware version installed: ") {
 			version := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Replace(line, "Firmware version installed: ", "", 1))
 			semver := semver.ParseRelaxed(version)
-			return semver.String(), nil
+			return &flasher.FlashResult{
+				Programmer: (&flasher.ExecOutput{
+					Stdout: programmerOut.String(),
+					Stderr: programmerErr.String(),
+				}),
+				Version: semver.String(),
+			}
 		}
 		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "Communication with WiFi module failed!") {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("communication with WiFi module failed")
+			feedback.Fatal("communication with WiFi module failed", feedback.ErrGeneric)
 		}
 	}
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("could not find the version string to parse")
+	feedback.Fatal("could not find the version string to parse", feedback.ErrGeneric)
+	return nil
 }
diff --git a/cli/firmware/list.go b/cli/firmware/list.go
index c1f219b8..97531551 100644
--- a/cli/firmware/list.go
+++ b/cli/firmware/list.go
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/table"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/common"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	semver "go.bug.st/relaxed-semver"
 )
@@ -56,10 +56,7 @@ type FirmwareResult struct {
 type FirmwareListResult []*FirmwareResult
 
 func list(fqbn string) {
-	firmwareIndex, err := indexes.GetFirmwareIndex()
-	if err != nil {
-		feedback.FatalError(err, feedback.ErrGeneric)
-	}
+	_, firmwareIndex := common.InitIndexes()
 
 	res := FirmwareListResult{}
 	for _, board := range firmwareIndex.Boards {
@@ -70,7 +67,7 @@ func list(fqbn string) {
 					BoardFQBN:       board.Fqbn,
 					Module:          board.Module,
 					FirmwareVersion: firmware.Version,
-					Latest:          board.LatestFirmware == firmware,
+					Latest:          board.LatestFirmware() == firmware,
 				})
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/cli/globals/globals.go b/cli/globals/globals.go
index b7a76ac8..424fb7c5 100644
--- a/cli/globals/globals.go
+++ b/cli/globals/globals.go
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ import (
 var (
 	PackageIndexGZURL        = "https://downloads.arduino.cc/packages/package_index.json.gz"
 	ModuleFirmwareIndexGZURL = "https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-fwuploader/boards/module_firmware_index.json.gz"
+	PluginFirmwareIndexGZURL = "https://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-fwuploader/boards/plugin_firmware_index.json.gz"
 	FwUploaderPath           = paths.TempDir().Join("fwuploader")
+	Verbose                  bool
+	LogLevel                 string
 )
 
 //go:embed keys/*
diff --git a/flasher/nina.go b/flasher/nina.go
index d5c56308..6296f697 100644
--- a/flasher/nina.go
+++ b/flasher/nina.go
@@ -21,14 +21,12 @@ package flasher
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/md5"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"encoding/pem"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/certificates"
 	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.bug.st/serial"
@@ -102,20 +100,24 @@ func (f *NinaFlasher) FlashCertificates(certificatePaths *paths.PathList, URLs [
 		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate %s", certPath)
 		flasherOut.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate %s\n", certPath)))
 
-		data, err := f.certificateFromFile(certPath)
+		certs, err := certificates.LoadCertificatesFromFile(certPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
+		for _, cert := range certs {
+			data := certificates.EncodeCertificateAsPEM(cert)
+			certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
+		}
 	}
 
 	for _, URL := range URLs {
 		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate from %s", URL)
 		flasherOut.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate from %s\n", URL)))
-		data, err := f.certificateFromURL(URL)
+		rootCertificate, err := certificates.ScrapeRootCertificatesFromURL(URL)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		data := certificates.EncodeCertificateAsPEM(rootCertificate)
 		certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
 	}
 
@@ -141,57 +143,6 @@ func (f *NinaFlasher) FlashCertificates(certificatePaths *paths.PathList, URLs [
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *NinaFlasher) certificateFromFile(certificateFile *paths.Path) ([]byte, error) {
-	data, err := certificateFile.ReadFile()
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch certificateFile.Ext() {
-	case ".cer":
-		// the data needs to be formatted in PEM format
-		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Error(err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: cert.Raw}), nil
-	case ".pem":
-		// the data is already encoded in pem format and we do not need to parse it.
-		return data, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cert format %s not supported, please use .pem or .cer", certificateFile.Ext())
-	}
-}
-
-func (f *NinaFlasher) certificateFromURL(URL string) ([]byte, error) {
-	config := &tls.Config{
-		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-	}
-
-	conn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", URL, config)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	if err := conn.Handshake(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	peerCertificates := conn.ConnectionState().PeerCertificates
-	if len(peerCertificates) == 0 {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("no peer certificates found at %s", URL)
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	rootCertificate := peerCertificates[len(peerCertificates)-1]
-	return pem.EncodeToMemory(&pem.Block{Type: "CERTIFICATE", Bytes: rootCertificate.Raw}), nil
-}
-
 // Close the port used by this flasher
 func (f *NinaFlasher) Close() error {
 	return f.port.Close()
diff --git a/flasher/winc.go b/flasher/winc.go
index 0fb45832..0ce5f4b2 100644
--- a/flasher/winc.go
+++ b/flasher/winc.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ package flasher
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/rsa"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/certificates"
 	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"go.bug.st/serial"
@@ -79,28 +79,35 @@ func (f *WincFlasher) FlashFirmware(firmwareFile *paths.Path, flasherOut io.Writ
 
 func (f *WincFlasher) FlashCertificates(certificatePaths *paths.PathList, URLs []string, flasherOut io.Writer) error {
 	var certificatesData []byte
-	certificatesNumber := 0
 	for _, certPath := range *certificatePaths {
 		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate %s", certPath)
 		flasherOut.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate %s\n", certPath)))
 
-		data, err := f.certificateFromFile(certPath)
+		certs, err := certificates.LoadCertificatesFromFile(certPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
-		certificatesNumber++
+		for _, cert := range certs {
+			data, err := f.getCertificateData(cert)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
+		}
 	}
 
 	for _, URL := range URLs {
 		logrus.Infof("Converting and flashing certificate from %s", URL)
 		flasherOut.Write([]byte(fmt.Sprintf("Converting and flashing certificate from %s\n", URL)))
-		data, err := f.certificateFromURL(URL)
+		rootCertificate, err := certificates.ScrapeRootCertificatesFromURL(URL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		data, err := f.getCertificateData(rootCertificate)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		certificatesData = append(certificatesData, data...)
-		certificatesNumber++
 	}
 
 	certificatesOffset := 0x4000
@@ -113,55 +120,6 @@ func (f *WincFlasher) FlashCertificates(certificatePaths *paths.PathList, URLs [
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (f *WincFlasher) certificateFromFile(certificateFile *paths.Path) ([]byte, error) {
-	data, err := certificateFile.ReadFile()
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch certificateFile.Ext() {
-	case ".cer":
-		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(data)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Error(err)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return f.getCertificateData(cert)
-	case ".pem":
-		// the data is already encoded in pem format and we do not need to parse it.
-		return data, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cert format %s not supported, please use .pem or .cer", certificateFile.Ext())
-	}
-}
-
-func (f *WincFlasher) certificateFromURL(URL string) ([]byte, error) {
-	config := &tls.Config{
-		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-	}
-
-	conn, err := tls.Dial("tcp", URL, config)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	if err := conn.Handshake(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	peerCertificates := conn.ConnectionState().PeerCertificates
-	if len(peerCertificates) == 0 {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("no peer certificates found at %s", URL)
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	rootCertificate := peerCertificates[len(peerCertificates)-1]
-	return f.getCertificateData(rootCertificate)
-}
-
 func (f *WincFlasher) getCertificateData(cert *x509.Certificate) ([]byte, error) {
 	b := []byte{}
 	nameSHA1Bytes, err := calculateNameSha1(cert)
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index ea1060c0..c0d86b94 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@ require (
 	go.bug.st/downloader/v2 v2.1.1
 	go.bug.st/relaxed-semver v0.10.2
 	go.bug.st/serial v1.3.2
+	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 )
 
 require (
+	github.com/arduino/go-timeutils v0.0.0-20171220113728-d1dd9e313b1b // indirect
 	github.com/arduino/go-win32-utils v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cmaglie/pb v1.0.27 // indirect
 	github.com/codeclysm/extract/v3 v3.1.1 // indirect
@@ -63,5 +66,4 @@ require (
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.30.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.62.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index f6b05630..5f45c9c5 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@ github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper v1.9.0 h1:IjWhDSF24n5bK/30NyApmzoVH9brWzc52KN
 github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper v1.9.0/go.mod h1:V82BWgAAp4IbmlybxQdk9Bpkz8M4Qyx+RAFKaG9NuvU=
 github.com/arduino/go-properties-orderedmap v1.7.1 h1:HQ9Pn/mk3+XyfrE39EEvaZwJkrvgiVSY5Oq3JSEfOR4=
 github.com/arduino/go-properties-orderedmap v1.7.1/go.mod h1:DKjD2VXY/NZmlingh4lSFMEYCVubfeArCsGPGDwb2yk=
+github.com/arduino/go-timeutils v0.0.0-20171220113728-d1dd9e313b1b h1:9hDi4F2st6dbLC3y4i02zFT5quS4X6iioWifGlVwfy4=
+github.com/arduino/go-timeutils v0.0.0-20171220113728-d1dd9e313b1b/go.mod h1:uwGy5PpN4lqW97FiLnbcx+xx8jly5YuPMJWfVwwjJiQ=
 github.com/arduino/go-win32-utils v1.0.0 h1:/cXB86sOJxOsCHP7sQmXGLkdValwJt56mIwOHYxgQjQ=
 github.com/arduino/go-win32-utils v1.0.0/go.mod h1:0jqM7doGEAs6DaJCxxhLBUDS5OawrqF48HqXkcEie/Q=
 github.com/armon/circbuf v0.0.0-20150827004946-bbbad097214e/go.mod h1:3U/XgcO3hCbHZ8TKRvWD2dDTCfh9M9ya+I9JpbB7O8o=
@@ -339,6 +341,8 @@ golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20191227195350-da58074b4299/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u0
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200119233911-0405dc783f0a/go.mod h1:2RIsYlXP63K8oxa1u096TMicItID8zy7Y6sNkU49FU4=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200207192155-f17229e696bd/go.mod h1:J/WKrq2StrnmMY6+EHIKF9dgMWnmCNThgcyBT1FY9mM=
 golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20200224162631-6cc2880d07d6/go.mod h1:3jZMyOhIsHpP37uCMkUooju7aAi5cS1Q23tOzKc+0MU=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29 h1:ooxPy7fPvB4kwsA2h+iBNHkAbp/4JxTSwCmvdjEYmug=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20230321023759-10a507213a29/go.mod h1:CxIveKay+FTh1D0yPZemJVgC/95VzuuOLq5Qi4xnoYc=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190227222117-0694c2d4d067/go.mod h1:kZ7UVZpmo3dzQBMxlp+ypCbDeSB+sBbTgSJuh5dn5js=
 golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20190802002840-cff245a6509b/go.mod h1:FeLwcggjj3mMvU+oOTbSwawSJRM1uh48EjtB4UJZlP0=
 golang.org/x/lint v0.0.0-20181026193005-c67002cb31c3/go.mod h1:UVdnD1Gm6xHRNCYTkRU2/jEulfH38KcIWyp/GAMgvoE=
diff --git a/indexes/download/download.go b/indexes/download/download.go
index 23041ba1..7b415d6c 100644
--- a/indexes/download/download.go
+++ b/indexes/download/download.go
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ func DownloadTool(toolRelease *cores.ToolRelease) (*paths.Path, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	downloadsDir := globals.FwUploaderPath.Join("downloads")
-	archivePath := downloadsDir.Join(resource.ArchiveFileName)
-	if err := archivePath.Parent().MkdirAll(); err != nil {
+	archivePath, err := resource.ArchivePath(downloadsDir)
+	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Error(err)
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -288,6 +288,8 @@ func verifyIndex(indexPath *paths.Path, URL *url.URL) error {
 		valid, err = verifyPackageIndex(indexPath, signaturePath)
 	} else if index == "module_firmware_index.json.gz" {
 		valid, err = verifyModuleFirmwareIndex(indexPath, signaturePath)
+	} else if index == "plugin_firmware_index.json.gz" {
+		valid, err = verifyModuleFirmwareIndex(indexPath, signaturePath)
 	} else {
 		return fmt.Errorf("index %s not supported", URL.Path)
 	}
diff --git a/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex.go b/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex.go
index f764acff..c88e961a 100644
--- a/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex.go
+++ b/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	semver "go.bug.st/relaxed-semver"
+	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"
 )
 
 // Index represents Boards struct as seen from module_firmware_index.json file.
@@ -38,40 +39,45 @@ type Index struct {
 
 // IndexBoard represents a single entry from module_firmware_index.json file.
 type IndexBoard struct {
-	Fqbn            string                `json:"fqbn,required"`
-	Firmwares       []*IndexFirmware      `json:"firmware,required"`
-	LoaderSketch    *IndexSketch          `json:"loader_sketch,required"`
+	Fqbn      string           `json:"fqbn"`
+	Firmwares []*IndexFirmware `json:"firmware"`
+	Module    string           `json:"module"`
+	Name      string           `json:"name"`
+
+	// Fields required for integrated uploaders (deprecated)
+	LoaderSketch    *IndexSketch          `json:"loader_sketch"`
 	VersionSketch   *IndexSketch          `json:"version_sketch"`
-	Module          string                `json:"module,required"`
-	Name            string                `json:"name,required"`
-	Uploader        string                `json:"uploader,required"`
+	Uploader        string                `json:"uploader"`
 	UploadTouch     bool                  `json:"upload.use_1200bps_touch"`
 	UploadWait      bool                  `json:"upload.wait_for_upload_port"`
-	UploaderCommand *IndexUploaderCommand `json:"uploader.command,required"`
-	LatestFirmware  *IndexFirmware        `json:"-"`
+	UploaderCommand *IndexUploaderCommand `json:"uploader.command"`
+
+	// Fields required for plugin uploaders
+	UploaderPlugin  string   `json:"uploader_plugin"`
+	AdditionalTools []string `json:"additional_tools"`
 }
 
 // IndexUploaderCommand represents the command-line to use for different OS
 type IndexUploaderCommand struct {
-	Linux   string `json:"linux,required"`
+	Linux   string `json:"linux"`
 	Windows string `json:"windows"`
 	Macosx  string `json:"macosx"`
 }
 
 // IndexFirmware represents a single Firmware version from module_firmware_index.json file.
 type IndexFirmware struct {
-	Version  *semver.RelaxedVersion `json:"version,required"`
-	URL      string                 `json:"url,required"`
-	Checksum string                 `json:"checksum,required"`
-	Size     json.Number            `json:"size,required"`
-	Module   string                 `json:"module,required"`
+	Version  *semver.RelaxedVersion `json:"version"`
+	URL      string                 `json:"url"`
+	Checksum string                 `json:"checksum"`
+	Size     json.Number            `json:"size"`
+	Module   string                 `json:"module"`
 }
 
 // IndexSketch represents a sketch used to manage firmware on a board.
 type IndexSketch struct {
-	URL      string      `json:"url,required"`
-	Checksum string      `json:"checksum,required"`
-	Size     json.Number `json:"size,required"`
+	URL      string      `json:"url"`
+	Checksum string      `json:"checksum"`
+	Size     json.Number `json:"size"`
 }
 
 // LoadIndex reads a module_firmware_index.json from a file and returns the corresponding Index structure.
@@ -117,17 +123,21 @@ func LoadIndexNoSign(jsonIndexFile *paths.Path) (*Index, error) {
 	}
 
 	index.IsTrusted = true
+	return &index, nil
+}
 
-	// Determine latest firmware for each board
-	for _, board := range index.Boards {
-		for _, firmware := range board.Firmwares {
-			if board.LatestFirmware == nil || firmware.Version.GreaterThan(board.LatestFirmware.Version) {
-				board.LatestFirmware = firmware
-			}
+// MergeWith merge this index with the other given index (the boards from the other index)
+// are added to this one.
+func (i *Index) MergeWith(j *Index) {
+	for _, boardToAdd := range j.Boards {
+		idx := slices.IndexFunc(i.Boards, func(x *IndexBoard) bool { return x.Overlaps(boardToAdd) })
+		if idx == -1 {
+			i.Boards = append(i.Boards, boardToAdd)
+		} else {
+			i.Boards[idx] = boardToAdd
 		}
 	}
-
-	return &index, nil
+	i.IsTrusted = i.IsTrusted && j.IsTrusted
 }
 
 // GetBoard returns the IndexBoard for the given FQBN
@@ -140,6 +150,11 @@ func (i *Index) GetBoard(fqbn string) *IndexBoard {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Overlaps returns true if the two IndexBoard represent the same board.
+func (b *IndexBoard) Overlaps(x *IndexBoard) bool {
+	return b.Fqbn == x.Fqbn && b.Module == x.Module
+}
+
 // GetFirmware returns the specified IndexFirmware version for this board.
 // Returns nil if version is not found.
 func (b *IndexBoard) GetFirmware(version string) *IndexFirmware {
@@ -162,3 +177,19 @@ func (b *IndexBoard) GetUploaderCommand() string {
 	// The linux uploader command is considere to be the generic one
 	return b.UploaderCommand.Linux
 }
+
+// LatestFirmware returns the latest firmware version for the IndexBoard
+func (b *IndexBoard) LatestFirmware() *IndexFirmware {
+	var latest *IndexFirmware
+	for _, firmware := range b.Firmwares {
+		if latest == nil || firmware.Version.GreaterThan(latest.Version) {
+			latest = firmware
+		}
+	}
+	return latest
+}
+
+// IsPlugin returns true if the IndexBoard uses the plugin system
+func (b *IndexBoard) IsPlugin() bool {
+	return b.UploaderPlugin != ""
+}
diff --git a/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex_test.go b/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex_test.go
index 0b53a9c2..f0f8204f 100644
--- a/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex_test.go
+++ b/indexes/firmwareindex/firmwareindex_test.go
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ func TestGetLatestFirmware(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, e)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, index)
 
-	firmware := index.GetBoard("arduino:samd:mkr1000").LatestFirmware
+	firmware := index.GetBoard("arduino:samd:mkr1000").LatestFirmware()
 	require.Equal(t, firmware.Version.String(), "19.6.1")
 }
 
diff --git a/indexes/indexes.go b/indexes/indexes.go
index 63bda944..2964d8b5 100644
--- a/indexes/indexes.go
+++ b/indexes/indexes.go
@@ -19,14 +19,16 @@
 package indexes
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores"
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packageindex"
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/resources"
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/globals"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/feedback"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/download"
 	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/indexes/firmwareindex"
+	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	semver "go.bug.st/relaxed-semver"
 )
@@ -34,67 +36,66 @@ import (
 // GetToolRelease returns a ToolRelease by searching the toolID in the index.
 // Returns nil if no matching tool release is found
 // Assumes toolID is formatted correctly as <packager>:<tool_name>@<version>
-func GetToolRelease(index *packageindex.Index, toolID string) *cores.ToolRelease {
-	split := strings.Split(toolID, ":")
+func GetToolRelease(pm *packagemanager.PackageManager, toolID string) *cores.ToolRelease {
+	split := strings.SplitN(toolID, ":", 2)
 	packageName := split[0]
-	split = strings.Split(split[1], "@")
+	split = strings.SplitN(split[1], "@", 2)
 	toolName := split[0]
 	version := semver.ParseRelaxed(split[1])
-	for _, pack := range index.Packages {
-		if pack.Name != packageName {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, tool := range pack.Tools {
-			if tool.Name == toolName && tool.Version.Equal(version) {
-				flavors := []*cores.Flavor{}
-				for _, system := range tool.Systems {
-					size, _ := system.Size.Int64()
-					flavors = append(flavors, &cores.Flavor{
-						OS: system.OS,
-						Resource: &resources.DownloadResource{
-							URL:             system.URL,
-							ArchiveFileName: system.ArchiveFileName,
-							Checksum:        system.Checksum,
-							Size:            size,
-						},
-					})
-				}
-				return &cores.ToolRelease{
-					Version: version,
-					Flavors: flavors,
-					Tool: &cores.Tool{
-						Name: toolName,
-					},
-				}
-			}
-		}
+
+	pme, release := pm.NewExplorer()
+	defer release()
+	dep := &cores.ToolDependency{
+		ToolName:     toolName,
+		ToolVersion:  version,
+		ToolPackager: packageName,
+	}
+	logrus.WithField("dep", dep).Debug("Tool dependency to download")
+	toolRelease := pme.FindToolDependency(dep)
+	if toolRelease == nil {
+		feedback.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("Can't find tool %s in index", dep), feedback.ErrGeneric)
 	}
-	return nil
+	logrus.WithField("tool", toolRelease.String()).Debug("Tool release to download")
+	return toolRelease
 }
 
 // GetPackageIndex downloads and loads the Arduino package_index.json
-func GetPackageIndex() (*packageindex.Index, error) {
-	indexPath, err := download.DownloadIndex(globals.PackageIndexGZURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
+func GetPackageIndex(pmbuilder *packagemanager.Builder, indexURL string) error {
+	indexPath := paths.New(indexURL)
+	if u, err := url.Parse(indexURL); err == nil && u.Scheme != "" {
+		downloadedPath, err := download.DownloadIndex(indexURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			return err
+		}
+		indexPath = downloadedPath
 	}
-	in, err := packageindex.LoadIndex(indexPath)
+	_, err := pmbuilder.LoadPackageIndexFromFile(indexPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
 	}
-	return in, err
+	return err
 }
 
 // GetFirmwareIndex downloads and loads the arduino-fwuploader module_firmware_index.json
-func GetFirmwareIndex() (*firmwareindex.Index, error) {
-	indexPath, err := download.DownloadIndex(globals.ModuleFirmwareIndexGZURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Error(err)
-		return nil, err
+func GetFirmwareIndex(indexURL string, verifySignature bool) (*firmwareindex.Index, error) {
+	indexPath := paths.New(indexURL)
+	if u, err := url.Parse(indexURL); err == nil && u.Scheme != "" {
+		downloadedPath, err := download.DownloadIndex(indexURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Error(err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		indexPath = downloadedPath
+	}
+
+	var in *firmwareindex.Index
+	var err error
+	if verifySignature {
+		in, err = firmwareindex.LoadIndex(indexPath)
+	} else {
+		in, err = firmwareindex.LoadIndexNoSign(indexPath)
 	}
-	in, err := firmwareindex.LoadIndex(indexPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Error(err)
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/indexes/indexes_test.go b/indexes/indexes_test.go
index df0f3f33..e3f2d8a0 100644
--- a/indexes/indexes_test.go
+++ b/indexes/indexes_test.go
@@ -21,30 +21,19 @@ package indexes
 import (
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packageindex"
-	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/arduino/cores/packagemanager"
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-fwuploader/cli/globals"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-func TestGetToolRelease(t *testing.T) {
-	indexFile := paths.New("testdata/package_index.json")
-	index, err := packageindex.LoadIndexNoSign(indexFile)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	toolRelease := GetToolRelease(index, "arduino:bossac@1.7.0-arduino3")
-
-	require.Equal(t, toolRelease.Version.String(), "1.7.0-arduino3")
-	require.Equal(t, toolRelease.Tool.Name, "bossac")
-	require.NotEmpty(t, toolRelease.Flavors)
-}
-
 func TestGetPackageIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	index, err := GetPackageIndex()
+	pmb := packagemanager.NewBuilder(nil, nil, nil, nil, "")
+	err := GetPackageIndex(pmb, globals.PackageIndexGZURL)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotNil(t, index)
 }
 
 func TestGetFirmwareIndex(t *testing.T) {
-	index, err := GetFirmwareIndex()
+	index, err := GetFirmwareIndex(globals.ModuleFirmwareIndexGZURL, true)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, index)
 }
diff --git a/plugin/plugin.go b/plugin/plugin.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..938651aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugin/plugin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+	arduino-fwuploader
+	Copyright (c) 2023 Arduino LLC.  All right reserved.
+
+	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+	it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+	by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+	(at your option) any later version.
+
+	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+	GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+	You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+	along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+package plugin
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/arduino/arduino-cli/executils"
+	"github.com/arduino/go-paths-helper"
+	semver "go.bug.st/relaxed-semver"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+// FwUploadr is an helper to run a fwuploader-plugin.
+type FwUploader struct {
+	pluginPath *paths.Path
+	apiVersion int
+}
+
+// NewFWUploaderPlugin creates a new FWUploader, pluginDir must point to the plugin directory.
+func NewFWUploaderPlugin(pluginDir *paths.Path) (*FwUploader, error) {
+	files, err := pluginDir.ReadDirRecursiveFiltered(
+		paths.FilterNames(),
+		paths.AndFilter(
+			paths.FilterOutDirectories(),
+			paths.FilterOutPrefixes("LICENSE"),
+		),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(files) != 1 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid uploader-plugin in %s: multiple files in the root dir", pluginDir)
+	}
+	uploader := &FwUploader{
+		pluginPath: files[0],
+	}
+
+	apiVersion, err := uploader.QueryAPIVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error getting plugin version %s: %w", pluginDir, err)
+	}
+	uploader.apiVersion = apiVersion
+	return uploader, nil
+}
+
+// QueryAPIVersion queries the plugin API version
+func (uploader *FwUploader) QueryAPIVersion() (int, error) {
+	proc, err := executils.NewProcessFromPath(nil, uploader.pluginPath, "version")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	stdout, _, err := proc.RunAndCaptureOutput(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		ApiVersion int `yaml:"plugin_api_version"`
+	}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(stdout, &result); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	return result.ApiVersion, nil
+}
+
+// GetFirmwareVersion runs the plugin to obtain the version of the installed firmware
+func (uploader *FwUploader) GetFirmwareVersion(portAddress, fqbn, LogLevel string, verbose bool, stdout, stderr io.Writer) (*GetFirmwareVersionResult, error) {
+	args := []string{"firmware", "get-version"}
+	if portAddress != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-p", portAddress)
+	}
+	if fqbn != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-b", fqbn)
+	}
+	if verbose {
+		args = append(args, "-v")
+	}
+	if LogLevel != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--log-level", LogLevel)
+	}
+	execStdout, execStderr, execErr := uploader.exec(stdout, stderr, args...)
+
+	res := &GetFirmwareVersionResult{
+		Stdout: execStdout.Bytes(),
+		Stderr: execStderr.Bytes(),
+	}
+	fwVersionPrefix := "FIRMWARE-VERSION: "
+	fwErrorPrefix := "GET-VERSION-ERROR: "
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(execStdout.String(), "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, fwVersionPrefix) {
+			version := strings.TrimPrefix(line, fwVersionPrefix)
+			res.FirmwareVersion = semver.ParseRelaxed(version)
+		}
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix) {
+			res.Error = strings.TrimPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if res.Error != "" {
+		if execErr != nil {
+			execErr = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", res.Error, execErr)
+		} else {
+			execErr = errors.New(res.Error)
+		}
+	}
+	return res, execErr
+}
+
+// GetFirmwareVersionResult contains the result of GetFirmwareVersion command
+type GetFirmwareVersionResult struct {
+	FirmwareVersion *semver.RelaxedVersion
+	Error           string
+	Stdout          []byte
+	Stderr          []byte
+}
+
+// FlashFirmware runs the plugin to flash the selected firmware
+func (uploader *FwUploader) FlashFirmware(portAddress, fqbn, LogLevel string, verbose bool, firmwarePath *paths.Path, stdout, stderr io.Writer) (*FlashFirmwareResult, error) {
+	args := []string{"firmware", "flash", firmwarePath.String()}
+	if portAddress != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-p", portAddress)
+	}
+	if fqbn != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-b", fqbn)
+	}
+	if verbose {
+		args = append(args, "-v")
+	}
+	if LogLevel != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--log-level", LogLevel)
+	}
+	execStdout, execStderr, execErr := uploader.exec(stdout, stderr, args...)
+
+	res := &FlashFirmwareResult{
+		Stdout: execStdout.Bytes(),
+		Stderr: execStderr.Bytes(),
+	}
+	fwErrorPrefix := "FLASH-FIRMWARE-ERROR: "
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(execStdout.String(), "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix) {
+			res.Error = strings.TrimPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix)
+		}
+	}
+	if res.Error != "" {
+		if execErr != nil {
+			execErr = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", res.Error, execErr)
+		} else {
+			execErr = errors.New(res.Error)
+		}
+	}
+	return res, execErr
+}
+
+// GetFirmwareVersionResult contains the result of GetFirmwareVersion command
+type FlashFirmwareResult struct {
+	Error  string
+	Stdout []byte
+	Stderr []byte
+}
+
+func (uploader *FwUploader) exec(stdout, stderr io.Writer, args ...string) (*bytes.Buffer, *bytes.Buffer, error) {
+	stdoutBuffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
+	stderrBuffer := &bytes.Buffer{}
+
+	proc, err := executils.NewProcessFromPath(nil, uploader.pluginPath, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return stdoutBuffer, stderrBuffer, err
+	}
+
+	if stdout != nil {
+		proc.RedirectStdoutTo(io.MultiWriter(stdoutBuffer, stdout))
+	} else {
+		proc.RedirectStdoutTo(stdoutBuffer)
+	}
+
+	if stderr != nil {
+		proc.RedirectStderrTo(io.MultiWriter(stderrBuffer, stderr))
+	} else {
+		proc.RedirectStderrTo(stderr)
+	}
+
+	execErr := proc.RunWithinContext(context.Background())
+	return stdoutBuffer, stderrBuffer, execErr
+}
+
+// FlashCertificates writes the given certificates bundle in PEM format.
+func (uploader *FwUploader) FlashCertificates(portAddress, fqbn, LogLevel string, verbose bool, certsPath *paths.Path, stdout, stderr io.Writer) (*FlashCertificatesResult, error) {
+	args := []string{"cert", "flash", certsPath.String()}
+	if portAddress != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-p", portAddress)
+	}
+	if fqbn != "" {
+		args = append(args, "-b", fqbn)
+	}
+	if verbose {
+		args = append(args, "-v")
+	}
+	if LogLevel != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--log-level", LogLevel)
+	}
+	execStdout, execStderr, execErr := uploader.exec(stdout, stderr, args...)
+
+	res := &FlashCertificatesResult{
+		Stdout: execStdout.Bytes(),
+		Stderr: execStderr.Bytes(),
+	}
+	fwErrorPrefix := "FLASH-CERTIFICATES-ERROR: "
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(execStdout.String(), "\n") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix) {
+			res.Error = strings.TrimPrefix(line, fwErrorPrefix)
+		}
+	}
+	if res.Error != "" {
+		if execErr != nil {
+			execErr = fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", res.Error, execErr)
+		} else {
+			execErr = errors.New(res.Error)
+		}
+	}
+	return res, execErr
+}
+
+// FlashCertificatesResult contains the result of GetFirmwareVersion command
+type FlashCertificatesResult struct {
+	Error  string
+	Stdout []byte
+	Stderr []byte
+}