docs: Translate some of the README docs into Chinese (iluwatar#1744)

* docs: translated docs to zh

* docs: translated doc of sharding pattern to Chinese

* docs: translated doc of factory pattern to Chinese

* docs: translated doc of factory-kit pattern to Chinese

Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <[email protected]>

Author: Al-assad

zh/circuit-breaker/README.md

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+---
+layout: pattern
+title: Circuit Breaker
+folder: circuit-breaker
+permalink: /patterns/circuit-breaker/
+categories: Behavioral
+tags:
+  - Performance
+  - Decoupling
+  - Cloud distributed
+---
+
+## 含义
+
+以这样的方式（译者：指断路器方式）处理昂贵的远程服务调用，可以防止单个服务/组件的故障导致整个应用程序崩溃，同时我们可以尽快地进行服务重连。
+
+## 解释
+
+现实世界案例
+
+> 设想一下，一个网络应用程序既有本地文件/图像，又有用于获取数据的远程服务。这些远程服务可能在某些时候是健康的、有反应的，也可能在某些时候由于各种原因而变得缓慢和无反应。因此，如果其中一个远程服务速度慢或不能成功响应，我们的应用程序将尝试使用多个线程/进程从远程服务中获取响应，很快所有的线程/进程都会挂起（也称为线程饥饿 thread starvation），从而导致我们整个 Web 应用程序崩溃。我们应该能够检测到这种情况，并向用户显示一个适当的信息，以便用户可以探索应用程序的其他部分，而不受远程服务故障的影响。同时，其他正常工作的服务应该保持运作，不受这次故障的影响。
+
+简而言之
+
+> 断路器允许优雅地处理失败的远程服务。当我们的应用程序的所有部分都高度解耦时，这种方式的效果会很好，一个组件的失败并不会导致其他部分停止工作。
+
+维基百科的解释
+
+> 断路器是现代软件开发中使用的一种设计模式。它用于检测故障，并封装了防止故障不断复发的逻辑，在维护期间，临时地处理外部系统故障或意外的系统问题。
+
+## Programmatic Example
+
+那么，这一切是如何实现的呢？考虑到上面的例子，我们将在一个简单的例子中模拟这个功能。一个监控服务（译者：下图的 Monitoring Service）模拟了网络应用，进行本地和远程调用。
+
+该服务架构如下：
+
+![alt text](../../circuit-breaker/etc/ServiceDiagram.png "Service Diagram")
+
+终端用户（译者：上图的 End User）应用的代码如下：
+
+```java
+@Slf4j
+public class App {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(App.class);
+
+  /**
+   * Program entry point.
+   *
+   * @param args command line args
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+
+    var serverStartTime = System.nanoTime();
+
+    var delayedService = new DelayedRemoteService(serverStartTime, 5);
+    var delayedServiceCircuitBreaker = new DefaultCircuitBreaker(delayedService, 3000, 2,
+        2000 * 1000 * 1000);
+
+    var quickService = new QuickRemoteService();
+    var quickServiceCircuitBreaker = new DefaultCircuitBreaker(quickService, 3000, 2,
+        2000 * 1000 * 1000);
+
+    //Create an object of monitoring service which makes both local and remote calls
+    var monitoringService = new MonitoringService(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker,
+        quickServiceCircuitBreaker);
+
+    //Fetch response from local resource
+    LOGGER.info(monitoringService.localResourceResponse());
+
+    //Fetch response from delayed service 2 times, to meet the failure threshold
+    LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
+    LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
+
+    //Fetch current state of delayed service circuit breaker after crossing failure threshold limit
+    //which is OPEN now
+    LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
+
+    //Meanwhile, the delayed service is down, fetch response from the healthy quick service
+    LOGGER.info(monitoringService.quickServiceResponse());
+    LOGGER.info(quickServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
+
+    //Wait for the delayed service to become responsive
+    try {
+      LOGGER.info("Waiting for delayed service to become responsive");
+      Thread.sleep(5000);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+    //Check the state of delayed circuit breaker, should be HALF_OPEN
+    LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
+
+    //Fetch response from delayed service, which should be healthy by now
+    LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
+    //As successful response is fetched, it should be CLOSED again.
+    LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
+  }
+}
+```
+
+监控服务代码（译者：上图的 monitoring service）：
+
+```java
+public class MonitoringService {
+
+  private final CircuitBreaker delayedService;
+
+  private final CircuitBreaker quickService;
+
+  public MonitoringService(CircuitBreaker delayedService, CircuitBreaker quickService) {
+    this.delayedService = delayedService;
+    this.quickService = quickService;
+  }
+
+  //Assumption: Local service won't fail, no need to wrap it in a circuit breaker logic
+  public String localResourceResponse() {
+    return "Local Service is working";
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetch response from the delayed service (with some simulated startup time).
+   *
+   * @return response string
+   */
+  public String delayedServiceResponse() {
+    try {
+      return this.delayedService.attemptRequest();
+    } catch (RemoteServiceException e) {
+      return e.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetches response from a healthy service without any failure.
+   *
+   * @return response string
+   */
+  public String quickServiceResponse() {
+    try {
+      return this.quickService.attemptRequest();
+    } catch (RemoteServiceException e) {
+      return e.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+可以看出，它直接进行了获取本地资源的调用，但它把对远程（昂贵的）服务的调用包装在一个断路器对象中，这样可以防止出现如下故障：
+
+```java
+public class DefaultCircuitBreaker implements CircuitBreaker {
+
+  private final long timeout;
+  private final long retryTimePeriod;
+  private final RemoteService service;
+  long lastFailureTime;
+  private String lastFailureResponse;
+  int failureCount;
+  private final int failureThreshold;
+  private State state;
+  private final long futureTime = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor to create an instance of Circuit Breaker.
+   *
+   * @param timeout          Timeout for the API request. Not necessary for this simple example
+   * @param failureThreshold Number of failures we receive from the depended service before changing
+   *                         state to 'OPEN'
+   * @param retryTimePeriod  Time period after which a new request is made to remote service for
+   *                         status check.
+   */
+  DefaultCircuitBreaker(RemoteService serviceToCall, long timeout, int failureThreshold,
+      long retryTimePeriod) {
+    this.service = serviceToCall;
+    // We start in a closed state hoping that everything is fine
+    this.state = State.CLOSED;
+    this.failureThreshold = failureThreshold;
+    // Timeout for the API request.
+    // Used to break the calls made to remote resource if it exceeds the limit
+    this.timeout = timeout;
+    this.retryTimePeriod = retryTimePeriod;
+    //An absurd amount of time in future which basically indicates the last failure never happened
+    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
+    this.failureCount = 0;
+  }
+
+  // Reset everything to defaults
+  @Override
+  public void recordSuccess() {
+    this.failureCount = 0;
+    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
+    this.state = State.CLOSED;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void recordFailure(String response) {
+    failureCount = failureCount + 1;
+    this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
+    // Cache the failure response for returning on open state
+    this.lastFailureResponse = response;
+  }
+
+  // Evaluate the current state based on failureThreshold, failureCount and lastFailureTime.
+  protected void evaluateState() {
+    if (failureCount >= failureThreshold) { //Then something is wrong with remote service
+      if ((System.nanoTime() - lastFailureTime) > retryTimePeriod) {
+        //We have waited long enough and should try checking if service is up
+        state = State.HALF_OPEN;
+      } else {
+        //Service would still probably be down
+        state = State.OPEN;
+      }
+    } else {
+      //Everything is working fine
+      state = State.CLOSED;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getState() {
+    evaluateState();
+    return state.name();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Break the circuit beforehand if it is known service is down Or connect the circuit manually if
+   * service comes online before expected.
+   *
+   * @param state State at which circuit is in
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setState(State state) {
+    this.state = state;
+    switch (state) {
+      case OPEN:
+        this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
+        this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
+        break;
+      case HALF_OPEN:
+        this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
+        this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() - retryTimePeriod;
+        break;
+      default:
+        this.failureCount = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Executes service call.
+   *
+   * @return Value from the remote resource, stale response or a custom exception
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String attemptRequest() throws RemoteServiceException {
+    evaluateState();
+    if (state == State.OPEN) {
+      // return cached response if the circuit is in OPEN state
+      return this.lastFailureResponse;
+    } else {
+      // Make the API request if the circuit is not OPEN
+      try {
+        //In a real application, this would be run in a thread and the timeout
+        //parameter of the circuit breaker would be utilized to know if service
+        //is working. Here, we simulate that based on server response itself
+        var response = service.call();
+        // Yay!! the API responded fine. Let's reset everything.
+        recordSuccess();
+        return response;
+      } catch (RemoteServiceException ex) {
+        recordFailure(ex.getMessage());
+        throw ex;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+上述模式是如何防止失败的呢？让我们通过它所实现的这个有限状态机来了解。
+
+![alt text](../../circuit-breaker/etc/StateDiagram.png "State Diagram")
+
+- 我们用 `timeout`（超时）、 `failureThreshold` （失败阈值）、`retryTimePeriod`（重试时间周期） 参数初始化断路器对象 ，用于确定 API 的适应性。
+- 最初，断路器处于 `closed`  关闭状态，没有发生对 API 的远程调用。
+- 每次调用成功，我们就把状态重置为开始时的样子。
+- 如果失败的次数超过了一定的阈值（`failureThreshold`），断路器就会进入 `open`  开启状态，它的作用就像一个开启的电路，阻止远程服务的调用，从而节省资源。
+- 一旦我们超过重试时间周期（`retryTimePeriod`），断路器就会转到 `half-open` 半启用状态，并再次调用远程服务，检查服务是否正常，以便我们可以提供最新的响应内容。如果远程服务调用失败会使断路器回到  `open`  状态，并在重试超时后进行另一次尝试；如果远程服务调用成功则使断路器进入 `closed` 状态，这样一切又开始正常工作。
+
+## 类图
+
+![alt text](../../circuit-breaker/etc/circuit-breaker.urm.png "Circuit Breaker class diagram")
+
+## 适用场景
+
+在以下场景下，可以使用断路器模式：
+
+- 构建一个高可用的应用程序，某些些服务的失败不会导致整个应用程序的崩溃。
+- 构建一个持续运行（长期在线）的应用程序，以便其组件可以在不完全关闭的情况下进行升级。
+
+## 相关模式
+
+- [Retry Pattern](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/tree/master/retry)
+
+## 现实案例
+
+* [Spring Circuit Breaker module](https://spring.io/guides/gs/circuit-breaker)
+* [Netflix Hystrix API](https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix)
+
+## 引用
+
+* [Understanding Circuit Breaker Pattern](https://itnext.io/understand-circuitbreaker-design-pattern-with-simple-practical-example-92a752615b42)
+* [Martin Fowler on Circuit Breaker](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html)
+* [Fault tolerance in a high volume, distributed system](https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/fault-tolerance-in-a-high-volume-distributed-system-91ab4faae74a)
+* [Circuit Breaker pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/circuit-breaker)

zh/collection-pipeline/README.md

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+---
+layout: pattern
+title: Collection Pipeline
+folder: collection-pipeline
+permalink: /patterns/collection-pipeline/
+categories: Functional
+tags:
+ - Reactive
+---
+
+## 释义
+**集合管道（Collection Pipeline）**包含**函数组合（Function Composition）**和**集合管道（Collection Pipeline）**两组合概念，这是两种函数式编程模式，你可以在代码中结合这两种模式来进行集合迭代。
+在函数式编程中，可以通过一系列较小的模块化函数或操作来编排复杂的操作。这一系列函数被称为函数组合。当一个数据集合流经一个函数组合时，它就成为一个集合管道。函数组合和集合管道是函数式编程中经常使用的两种设计模式。
+
+## 类图
+![alt text](../../collection-pipeline/etc/collection-pipeline.png "Collection Pipeline")
+
+## 适用场景
+在以下场景适用集合管道模式：
+
+* 当你想执行一组连续的算子操作，其中一个算子收集的输出需要被输入到下一个算子中
+* 当你在代码中需要使用大量的中间状态语句时
+* 当你在代码中使用大量的循环语句时
+
+## 引用
+
+* [Function composition and the Collection Pipeline pattern](https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-java8idioms2/index.html)
+* [Martin Fowler](https://martinfowler.com/articles/collection-pipeline/)
+* [Java8 Streams](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/package-summary.html)