algorithm: sieve of erastosthenes (#74)

* Sieve Of Eatosthenes implementation

* Test addition

Author: vcnovaes

Maths/SieveOfEratosthenes.ts

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+/**
+ * @function  SieveOfEratosthenes
+ * @description Find the prime numbers between 2 and n 
+ * @param {number} n - numbers set the limit that the algorithm needs to look to find the primes
+ * @return {number[]} - List of prime numbers
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes\
+ * @example SieveOfErastosthenes(5) = [2,3,5] 
+ * @example SieveOfErastosthenes(10) = [2,3,5,7]
+ */
+
+export function SieveOfEratosthenes(n: number): number[] {
+  if (n < 0 || !Number.isInteger(n)) {
+    throw new Error("Only natural numbers are supported");
+  }
+  const numbers = new Array<boolean>(n + 1)
+    .fill(true)
+  const primeNumbers: number[] = [];
+  for (let i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (numbers[i]) {
+      primeNumbers.push(i);
+      for (let j = i + i; j <= n; j += i) {
+        numbers[j] = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return primeNumbers;
+}

Maths/test/SieveOfEratosthenes.test.ts

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+import { SieveOfEratosthenes } from "../SieveOfEratosthenes";
+
+
+describe("Sieve of Eratosthenes", () => {
+  test.each([-2, 0.1, -0.01, 2.2])(
+    "should throw a error for non natural number",
+    (n) => {
+      expect(() => SieveOfEratosthenes(n)).toThrow(
+        "Only natural numbers are supported"
+      );
+    },
+  );
+
+  test.each([[5, [2, 3, 5]], [11, [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]], [30, [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29]]])(
+    "of %i should be %o",
+    (num, expected) => {
+      expect(SieveOfEratosthenes(num)).toStrictEqual(expected);
+    },
+  );
+});