From fcc64604d389233b78713493d8f913128a4b38e8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Oct 2022 19:22:06 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/18] Update README.md

Added Google Cirq references
---
 quantum/README.md | 8 ++++++++
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)

diff --git a/quantum/README.md b/quantum/README.md
index 423d34fa3364..3ce364574486 100644
--- a/quantum/README.md
+++ b/quantum/README.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Started at https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/issues/1831
 * Google: https://research.google/teams/applied-science/quantum
 * IBM: https://qiskit.org and https://github.com/Qiskit
 * Rigetti: https://rigetti.com and https://github.com/rigetti
+* Zapata: https://www.zapatacomputing.com and https://github.com/zapatacomputing
 
 ## IBM Qiskit
 - Start using by installing `pip install qiskit`, refer the [docs](https://qiskit.org/documentation/install.html) for more info.
@@ -13,3 +14,10 @@ Started at https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/issues/1831
   - https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit-tutorials
   - https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/docs/iql/first-circuit
   - https://medium.com/qiskit/how-to-program-a-quantum-computer-982a9329ed02
+
+## Google Cirq
+- Start using by installing `python -m pip install cirq`, refer the [docs](https://quantumai.google/cirq/start/install) for more info.
+- Tutorials & references
+  - https://github.com/quantumlib/cirq
+  - https://quantumai.google/cirq/experiments
+  - https://tanishabassan.medium.com/quantum-programming-with-google-cirq-3209805279bc

From fe80790786580c860380ef71eaffa78c82175393 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 13:11:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/18] Create barcode_validator.py

Barcode/EAN validator
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 26 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 strings/barcode_validator.py

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..fcf40446aef5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+def evalKey(code: int):
+    code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
+    checker = False
+    s = 0
+    
+    # extract and check each digit
+    while code != 0:
+        mult = 1 if checker else 3
+        s += mult * (code % 10)
+        code //= 10
+        checker = not checker
+
+    return (10 - (s % 10)) % 10
+
+
+def isValid(code: int):
+    return len(str(code)) == 13 and evalKey(code) == code % 10
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    barcode = input('Enter a barcode: ')
+    number_barcode = int(barcode)
+    if isValid(number_barcode):
+        print(f'|{n}| is a valid Barcode')
+    else:
+        print(f'|{n}| is NOT is valid Barcode.')

From 775e9f77db13f7cdc5c187591020d7d1ca8fd75a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 11:12:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index fcf40446aef5..928fe631699e 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ def evalKey(code: int):
     code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
-    
+
     # extract and check each digit
     while code != 0:
         mult = 1 if checker else 3
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ def isValid(code: int):
     return len(str(code)) == 13 and evalKey(code) == code % 10
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    barcode = input('Enter a barcode: ')
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    barcode = input("Enter a barcode: ")
     number_barcode = int(barcode)
     if isValid(number_barcode):
-        print(f'|{n}| is a valid Barcode')
+        print(f"|{n}| is a valid Barcode")
     else:
-        print(f'|{n}| is NOT is valid Barcode.')
+        print(f"|{n}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")

From bf6657963542bfe864ae4cfc9d4d032b6138d84d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 13:31:30 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/18] Update barcode_validator.py

Included docstring and updated variables to snake_case
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 21 +++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 928fe631699e..214e03e6cffd 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-def evalKey(code: int):
+def eval_key(code: int):
+    '''
+    Returns the last digit of barcode by excluding the last digit first
+    and then computing to reach the actual last digit from the remaining
+    12 digits.
+    '''
     code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
@@ -13,14 +18,22 @@ def evalKey(code: int):
     return (10 - (s % 10)) % 10
 
 
-def isValid(code: int):
-    return len(str(code)) == 13 and evalKey(code) == code % 10
+def is_valid(code: int):
+    '''
+    Checks for length of barcode and last-digit
+    Returns boolean value of validity of barcode
+    '''
+    return len(str(code)) == 13 and eval_key(code) == code % 10
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    '''
+    Enter a barcode.
+    Displays whether the entered barcode is valid or invalid.
+    '''
     barcode = input("Enter a barcode: ")
     number_barcode = int(barcode)
-    if isValid(number_barcode):
+    if is_valid(number_barcode):
         print(f"|{n}| is a valid Barcode")
     else:
         print(f"|{n}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")

From 9bdb492104c18c101eaf246de2905075507e71c4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 11:32:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 12 ++++++------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 214e03e6cffd..1c572d34b93d 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 def eval_key(code: int):
-    '''
+    """
     Returns the last digit of barcode by excluding the last digit first
     and then computing to reach the actual last digit from the remaining
     12 digits.
-    '''
+    """
     code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
@@ -19,18 +19,18 @@ def eval_key(code: int):
 
 
 def is_valid(code: int):
-    '''
+    """
     Checks for length of barcode and last-digit
     Returns boolean value of validity of barcode
-    '''
+    """
     return len(str(code)) == 13 and eval_key(code) == code % 10
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    '''
+    """
     Enter a barcode.
     Displays whether the entered barcode is valid or invalid.
-    '''
+    """
     barcode = input("Enter a barcode: ")
     number_barcode = int(barcode)
     if is_valid(number_barcode):

From 57247b683d1fd54e2d1d4ef2691273e23e08c1c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 14:36:19 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/18] Update barcode_validator.py

Included docset and updated bugs
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 22 ++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 1c572d34b93d..5ed9d93edaf1 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
-def eval_key(code: int):
+def eval_key(code: int) -> int:
     """
     Returns the last digit of barcode by excluding the last digit first
     and then computing to reach the actual last digit from the remaining
     12 digits.
+
+    >>> eval_key(8718452538119)
+    9
     """
+
     code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
@@ -18,15 +22,25 @@ def eval_key(code: int):
     return (10 - (s % 10)) % 10
 
 
-def is_valid(code: int):
+def is_valid(code: int) -> bool:
     """
     Checks for length of barcode and last-digit
     Returns boolean value of validity of barcode
+
+    >>> is_valid(8718452538119)
+    True
+
+    >>> is_valid(87184525)
+    False
+
     """
+
     return len(str(code)) == 13 and eval_key(code) == code % 10
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
     """
     Enter a barcode.
     Displays whether the entered barcode is valid or invalid.
@@ -34,6 +48,6 @@ def is_valid(code: int):
     barcode = input("Enter a barcode: ")
     number_barcode = int(barcode)
     if is_valid(number_barcode):
-        print(f"|{n}| is a valid Barcode")
+        print(f"|{number_barcode}| is a valid Barcode")
     else:
-        print(f"|{n}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")
+        print(f"|{number_barcode}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")

From a4019a5bf843af309113b7b91e00966205e5a94d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2022 12:37:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 5ed9d93edaf1..d9fd8bdebda0 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ def is_valid(code: int) -> bool:
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest
+
     doctest.testmod()
     """
     Enter a barcode.

From 947fa4abddb62a2f2584d97a4dbdc0385e10c12b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Oct 2022 22:26:45 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/18] Update barcode_validator.py

Implemented the changes asked in review.
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index d9fd8bdebda0..79b4c9e5f309 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -1,28 +1,29 @@
-def eval_key(code: int) -> int:
+def get_check_digit(barcode: int) -> int:
     """
     Returns the last digit of barcode by excluding the last digit first
     and then computing to reach the actual last digit from the remaining
     12 digits.
 
-    >>> eval_key(8718452538119)
+    >>> get_check_digit(8718452538119)
     9
+    
     """
 
-    code //= 10  # exclude the last digit
+    barcode //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
 
     # extract and check each digit
-    while code != 0:
+    while barcode != 0:
         mult = 1 if checker else 3
-        s += mult * (code % 10)
-        code //= 10
+        s += mult * (barcode % 10)
+        barcode //= 10
         checker = not checker
 
     return (10 - (s % 10)) % 10
 
 
-def is_valid(code: int) -> bool:
+def is_valid(barcode: int) -> bool:
     """
     Checks for length of barcode and last-digit
     Returns boolean value of validity of barcode
@@ -33,10 +34,41 @@ def is_valid(code: int) -> bool:
     >>> is_valid(87184525)
     False
 
+    >>> is_valid(87193425381089)
+    False
+
+    >>> is_valid(0)
+    False
+
+    >>> is_valid(dwefgiweuf)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    NameError: name 'dwefgiweuf' is not defined
     """
 
-    return len(str(code)) == 13 and eval_key(code) == code % 10
+    return len(str(barcode)) == 13 and get_check_digit(barcode) == barcode % 10
+
+
+def get_barcode(barcode: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Returns the barcode as an integer
 
+    >>> get_barcode("8718452538119")
+    8718452538119
+
+    >>> get_barcode("dwefgiweuf")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: Barcode 'dwefgiweuf' has alphabets in it
+    """
+    if str(barcode).isalpha():
+        raise ValueError("Barcode '{}' has alphabets in it".format(barcode))
+
+    if int(barcode)<0:
+        raise ValueError("The entered barcode has negative values. Try again.")
+    
+    else:
+        return int(barcode)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest
@@ -44,11 +76,11 @@ def is_valid(code: int) -> bool:
     doctest.testmod()
     """
     Enter a barcode.
-    Displays whether the entered barcode is valid or invalid.
-    """
-    barcode = input("Enter a barcode: ")
-    number_barcode = int(barcode)
-    if is_valid(number_barcode):
-        print(f"|{number_barcode}| is a valid Barcode")
+    
+    """	
+    barcode = get_barcode((input("Barcode: ").strip()))
+
+    if is_valid(barcode):
+        print(f"|{barcode}| is a valid Barcode")
     else:
-        print(f"|{number_barcode}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")
+        print(f"|{barcode}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")

From e11313a3faa84d03a4a97e191b552b4f67b5b841 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Oct 2022 20:28:17 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 15 ++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 79b4c9e5f309..2c123b41e144 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ def get_check_digit(barcode: int) -> int:
 
     >>> get_check_digit(8718452538119)
     9
-    
+
     """
 
     barcode //= 10  # exclude the last digit
@@ -62,23 +62,24 @@ def get_barcode(barcode: str) -> int:
     ValueError: Barcode 'dwefgiweuf' has alphabets in it
     """
     if str(barcode).isalpha():
-        raise ValueError("Barcode '{}' has alphabets in it".format(barcode))
+        raise ValueError(f"Barcode '{barcode}' has alphabets in it")
 
-    if int(barcode)<0:
+    if int(barcode) < 0:
         raise ValueError("The entered barcode has negative values. Try again.")
-    
+
     else:
         return int(barcode)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest
 
     doctest.testmod()
     """
     Enter a barcode.
-    
-    """	
-    barcode = get_barcode((input("Barcode: ").strip()))
+
+    """
+    barcode = get_barcode(input("Barcode: ").strip())
 
     if is_valid(barcode):
         print(f"|{barcode}| is a valid Barcode")

From 70084a0f97ed78f8c5b75a629355d80efbd22f5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Oct 2022 23:03:59 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/18] Update barcode_validator.py

Updated with f-string format
---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 79b4c9e5f309..90d2ccdcf772 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def get_barcode(barcode: str) -> int:
     ValueError: Barcode 'dwefgiweuf' has alphabets in it
     """
     if str(barcode).isalpha():
-        raise ValueError("Barcode '{}' has alphabets in it".format(barcode))
+        raise ValueError(f"Barcode '{barcode}' has alphabets in it")
 
     if int(barcode)<0:
         raise ValueError("The entered barcode has negative values. Try again.")

From b973148a8f0abf50373c2c8953fdf75834e60cb6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 00:45:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/18] Update barcode_validator.py

---
 strings/barcode_validator.py | 33 +++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/strings/barcode_validator.py b/strings/barcode_validator.py
index 2c123b41e144..05670007665c 100644
--- a/strings/barcode_validator.py
+++ b/strings/barcode_validator.py
@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+"""
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Check_digit#Algorithms
+"""
+
+
 def get_check_digit(barcode: int) -> int:
     """
     Returns the last digit of barcode by excluding the last digit first
@@ -6,9 +11,13 @@ def get_check_digit(barcode: int) -> int:
 
     >>> get_check_digit(8718452538119)
     9
-
+    >>> get_check_digit(87184523)
+    5
+    >>> get_check_digit(87193425381086)
+    9
+    >>> [get_check_digit(x) for x in range(0, 100, 10)]
+    [0, 7, 4, 1, 8, 5, 2, 9, 6, 3]
     """
-
     barcode //= 10  # exclude the last digit
     checker = False
     s = 0
@@ -30,22 +39,17 @@ def is_valid(barcode: int) -> bool:
 
     >>> is_valid(8718452538119)
     True
-
     >>> is_valid(87184525)
     False
-
     >>> is_valid(87193425381089)
     False
-
     >>> is_valid(0)
     False
-
     >>> is_valid(dwefgiweuf)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     NameError: name 'dwefgiweuf' is not defined
     """
-
     return len(str(barcode)) == 13 and get_check_digit(barcode) == barcode % 10
 
 
@@ -55,18 +59,15 @@ def get_barcode(barcode: str) -> int:
 
     >>> get_barcode("8718452538119")
     8718452538119
-
     >>> get_barcode("dwefgiweuf")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
-    ValueError: Barcode 'dwefgiweuf' has alphabets in it
+    ValueError: Barcode 'dwefgiweuf' has alphabetic characters.
     """
     if str(barcode).isalpha():
-        raise ValueError(f"Barcode '{barcode}' has alphabets in it")
-
-    if int(barcode) < 0:
-        raise ValueError("The entered barcode has negative values. Try again.")
-
+        raise ValueError(f"Barcode '{barcode}' has alphabetic characters.")
+    elif int(barcode) < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The entered barcode has a negative value. Try again.")
     else:
         return int(barcode)
 
@@ -82,6 +83,6 @@ def get_barcode(barcode: str) -> int:
     barcode = get_barcode(input("Barcode: ").strip())
 
     if is_valid(barcode):
-        print(f"|{barcode}| is a valid Barcode")
+        print(f"'{barcode}' is a valid Barcode")
     else:
-        print(f"|{barcode}| is NOT is valid Barcode.")
+        print(f"'{barcode}' is NOT is valid Barcode.")

From 633361a334ac3804424fe780c0da59095d59b563 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 14:49:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/18] Update volume_conversions.py

Simpler doctest output
---
 conversions/volume_conversions.py | 6 +-----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conversions/volume_conversions.py b/conversions/volume_conversions.py
index de2290196fc2..34799705b119 100644
--- a/conversions/volume_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/volume_conversions.py
@@ -52,11 +52,7 @@ def volume_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float:
     0.000236588
     >>> volume_conversion(4, "wrongUnit", "litre")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
-      File "/usr/lib/python3.8/doctest.py", line 1336, in __run
-        exec(compile(example.source, filename, "single",
-      File "<doctest __main__.volume_conversion[7]>", line 1, in <module>
-        volume_conversion(4, "wrongUnit", "litre")
-      File "<string>", line 62, in volume_conversion
+    ...
     ValueError: Invalid 'from_type' value: 'wrongUnit'  Supported values are:
     cubicmeter, litre, kilolitre, gallon, cubicyard, cubicfoot, cup
     """

From 820be69c6605a11de54a544d54b76c09b8887a34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 17:21:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 13/18] Create speed_conversions.py

Conversion of speed units
---
 conversions/speed_conversions.py | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 170 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 conversions/speed_conversions.py

diff --git a/conversions/speed_conversions.py b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3ba7644ef09c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+"""
+Convert speed units
+
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilometres_per_hour
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_per_hour
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_(unit)
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_per_second
+
+"""
+
+def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
+    """
+    Return speed units based on input
+    
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h')
+    36.0
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'm/s')
+    2.78
+    
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'mph')
+    22.37
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'm/s')
+    4.47
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'mph')
+    6.21
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'km/h')
+    16.09
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'knots')
+    19.44
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'm/s')
+    5.14
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'knots')
+    5.4
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'km/h')
+    18.52
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'knots')
+    8.69
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'mph')
+    11.51
+    
+    >>> convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    NameError: name 'abc' is not defined
+
+    >>> convert_speed(10, 'abc', 'km/h')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: abc
+    """
+    if unit_from == 'm/s':
+        if unit_to == 'km/h':
+            return round(speed * 3.6, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+            return round(speed * 2.23694, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+            return round(speed * 1.94384, 2)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+
+    elif unit_from == 'km/h':
+        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+            return round(speed / 3.6, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+            return round(speed * 0.621371, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+            return round(speed * 0.539957, 2)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+
+    elif unit_from == 'mph':
+        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+            return round(speed / 2.23694, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'km/h':
+            return round(speed / 0.621371, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+            return round(speed * 0.868976, 2)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+
+    elif unit_from == 'knots':
+        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+            return round(speed / 1.94384, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'km/h':
+            return round(speed / 0.539957, 2)
+        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+            return round(speed / 0.868976, 2)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_from)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    """
+    Run doctests
+    
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
+    36.0
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'm/s'), 2)
+    2.78
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'mph'), 2)
+    22.37
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'm/s'), 2)
+    4.47
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'mph'), 2)
+    6.21
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'km/h'), 2)
+    16.09
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'knots'), 2)
+    19.44
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'm/s'), 2)
+    5.14
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'knots'), 2)
+    5.4
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'km/h'), 2)
+    18.52
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'knots'), 2)
+    8.69
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'mph'), 2)
+    11.55
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'abc', 'km/h'), 2)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'
+
+    >>> round(convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    ...
+    ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'abc'    
+
+    """
+    import doctest
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+    print("----Codes for speed units----")
+    print("m/s: meters per second")
+    print("km/h: kilometers per hour")
+    print("mph: miles per hour")
+    print("knots: nautical miles per hour")  
+
+    from_unit = input('From unit code: ')
+    to_unit = input('To unit code: ')
+    speed = input('Speed: ')
+
+    speed_converted = round(convert_speed(float(speed), from_unit, to_unit), 2)
+
+    print(f'{speed} {from_unit} is {speed_converted} {to_unit}')
\ No newline at end of file

From e70f471acaba4797e1e58073f1467f77f5e033e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 15:26:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 conversions/speed_conversions.py | 66 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conversions/speed_conversions.py b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
index 3ba7644ef09c..858fe9ad4783 100644
--- a/conversions/speed_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
@@ -8,16 +8,17 @@
 
 """
 
+
 def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
     """
     Return speed units based on input
-    
+
     >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h')
     36.0
 
     >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'm/s')
     2.78
-    
+
     >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'mph')
     22.37
 
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
 
     >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'mph')
     11.51
-    
+
     >>> convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h')
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
@@ -58,53 +59,53 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
         ...
     ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: abc
     """
-    if unit_from == 'm/s':
-        if unit_to == 'km/h':
+    if unit_from == "m/s":
+        if unit_to == "km/h":
             return round(speed * 3.6, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+        elif unit_to == "mph":
             return round(speed * 2.23694, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+        elif unit_to == "knots":
             return round(speed * 1.94384, 2)
         else:
-            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
 
-    elif unit_from == 'km/h':
-        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+    elif unit_from == "km/h":
+        if unit_to == "m/s":
             return round(speed / 3.6, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+        elif unit_to == "mph":
             return round(speed * 0.621371, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+        elif unit_to == "knots":
             return round(speed * 0.539957, 2)
         else:
-            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
 
-    elif unit_from == 'mph':
-        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+    elif unit_from == "mph":
+        if unit_to == "m/s":
             return round(speed / 2.23694, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'km/h':
+        elif unit_to == "km/h":
             return round(speed / 0.621371, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'knots':
+        elif unit_to == "knots":
             return round(speed * 0.868976, 2)
         else:
-            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
 
-    elif unit_from == 'knots':
-        if unit_to == 'm/s':
+    elif unit_from == "knots":
+        if unit_to == "m/s":
             return round(speed / 1.94384, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'km/h':
+        elif unit_to == "km/h":
             return round(speed / 0.539957, 2)
-        elif unit_to == 'mph':
+        elif unit_to == "mph":
             return round(speed / 0.868976, 2)
         else:
-            raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_to)
+            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
     else:
-        raise ValueError('invalid literal for int() with base 10: ' + unit_from)
+        raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_from)
 
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     """
     Run doctests
-    
+
     >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
     36.0
 
@@ -149,22 +150,23 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
     >>> round(convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
-    ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'abc'    
+    ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'abc'
 
     """
     import doctest
+
     doctest.testmod()
 
     print("----Codes for speed units----")
     print("m/s: meters per second")
     print("km/h: kilometers per hour")
     print("mph: miles per hour")
-    print("knots: nautical miles per hour")  
+    print("knots: nautical miles per hour")
 
-    from_unit = input('From unit code: ')
-    to_unit = input('To unit code: ')
-    speed = input('Speed: ')
+    from_unit = input("From unit code: ")
+    to_unit = input("To unit code: ")
+    speed = input("Speed: ")
 
     speed_converted = round(convert_speed(float(speed), from_unit, to_unit), 2)
 
-    print(f'{speed} {from_unit} is {speed_converted} {to_unit}')
\ No newline at end of file
+    print(f"{speed} {from_unit} is {speed_converted} {to_unit}")

From f1c08373b7d064bf6c2ea70f9ab2929a2d5b436d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Oct 2022 01:15:53 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 15/18] Update speed_conversions.py

Doctests updated, dictionary implemented.
---
 conversions/speed_conversions.py | 194 ++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 143 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conversions/speed_conversions.py b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
index 858fe9ad4783..6bb52fa5ab13 100644
--- a/conversions/speed_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
@@ -8,165 +8,73 @@
 
 """
 
+speed_chart: dict[str, float] = {
+    "km/h": 1.0,
+    "m/s": 3.6,
+    "mph": 1.609344,
+    "knot": 1.852,
+}
+
+speed_chart_inverse: dict[str, float] = {
+    "km/h": 1.0,
+    "m/s": 0.277777778,
+    "mph": 0.621371192,
+    "knot": 0.539956803,
+}
 
 def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
     """
-    Return speed units based on input
+    Convert speed from one unit to another unit using the speed_chart
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h')
-    36.0
+    "km/h": 1.0,
+    "m/s": 3.6,
+    "mph": 1.609344,
+    "knot": 1.852,
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'm/s')
-    2.78
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "m/s")
+    27.778
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'mph')
-    22.37
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "mph")
+    62.137
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'm/s')
-    4.47
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "knot")
+    53.996
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'mph')
-    6.21
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "km/h")
+    360.0
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'km/h')
-    16.09
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "mph")
+    223.694
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'knots')
-    19.44
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "knot")
+    194.384
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'm/s')
-    5.14
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "km/h")
+    160.934
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'knots')
-    5.4
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "m/s")
+    44.704
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'km/h')
-    18.52
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "knot")
+    86.898
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'knots')
-    8.69
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "km/h")
+    185.2
 
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'mph')
-    11.51
-
-    >>> convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    NameError: name 'abc' is not defined
-
-    >>> convert_speed(10, 'abc', 'km/h')
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: abc
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "m/s")
+    51.444
+    
+    >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "mph")
+    115.078
     """
-    if unit_from == "m/s":
-        if unit_to == "km/h":
-            return round(speed * 3.6, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "mph":
-            return round(speed * 2.23694, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "knots":
-            return round(speed * 1.94384, 2)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
-
-    elif unit_from == "km/h":
-        if unit_to == "m/s":
-            return round(speed / 3.6, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "mph":
-            return round(speed * 0.621371, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "knots":
-            return round(speed * 0.539957, 2)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
-
-    elif unit_from == "mph":
-        if unit_to == "m/s":
-            return round(speed / 2.23694, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "km/h":
-            return round(speed / 0.621371, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "knots":
-            return round(speed * 0.868976, 2)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
-
-    elif unit_from == "knots":
-        if unit_to == "m/s":
-            return round(speed / 1.94384, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "km/h":
-            return round(speed / 0.539957, 2)
-        elif unit_to == "mph":
-            return round(speed / 0.868976, 2)
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_to)
-    else:
-        raise ValueError("invalid literal for int() with base 10: " + unit_from)
-
+    if unit_to not in speed_chart or unit_from not in speed_chart_inverse:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"Incorrect 'from_type' or 'to_type' value: {unit_from!r}, {unit_to!r}\n"
+            f"Valid values are: {', '.join(speed_chart_inverse)}"
+            )
+    
+    return round(speed * speed_chart[unit_from] * speed_chart_inverse[unit_to], 3)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    """
-    Run doctests
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
-    36.0
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'm/s'), 2)
-    2.78
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'mph'), 2)
-    22.37
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'm/s'), 2)
-    4.47
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'mph'), 2)
-    6.21
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'km/h'), 2)
-    16.09
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'm/s', 'knots'), 2)
-    19.44
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'm/s'), 2)
-    5.14
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'km/h', 'knots'), 2)
-    5.4
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'km/h'), 2)
-    18.52
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'mph', 'knots'), 2)
-    8.69
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'knots', 'mph'), 2)
-    11.55
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(10, 'abc', 'km/h'), 2)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-    ...
-    ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'
-
-    >>> round(convert_speed(abc, 'm/s', 'km/h'), 2)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-    ...
-    ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'abc'
-
-    """
     import doctest
-
-    doctest.testmod()
-
-    print("----Codes for speed units----")
-    print("m/s: meters per second")
-    print("km/h: kilometers per hour")
-    print("mph: miles per hour")
-    print("knots: nautical miles per hour")
-
-    from_unit = input("From unit code: ")
-    to_unit = input("To unit code: ")
-    speed = input("Speed: ")
-
-    speed_converted = round(convert_speed(float(speed), from_unit, to_unit), 2)
-
-    print(f"{speed} {from_unit} is {speed_converted} {to_unit}")
+    doctest.testmod()
\ No newline at end of file

From ed8c7f3d31a09cd4b7c70821ddeb9d6e9a1eb8f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "pre-commit-ci[bot]"
 <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2022 23:17:39 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/18] [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci
---
 conversions/speed_conversions.py | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conversions/speed_conversions.py b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
index 6bb52fa5ab13..42db191a6999 100644
--- a/conversions/speed_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
     "knot": 0.539956803,
 }
 
+
 def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
     """
     Convert speed from one unit to another unit using the speed_chart
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
 
     >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "m/s")
     51.444
-    
+
     >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "mph")
     115.078
     """
@@ -71,10 +72,12 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
         raise ValueError(
             f"Incorrect 'from_type' or 'to_type' value: {unit_from!r}, {unit_to!r}\n"
             f"Valid values are: {', '.join(speed_chart_inverse)}"
-            )
-    
+        )
+
     return round(speed * speed_chart[unit_from] * speed_chart_inverse[unit_to], 3)
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest
-    doctest.testmod()
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    doctest.testmod()

From 5f84d0b872eaf4e22992266103810bbe05d97656 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Oct 2022 11:54:51 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 17/18] Update speed_conversions.py

Reduced LOC
---
 conversions/speed_conversions.py | 15 +--------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/conversions/speed_conversions.py b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
index 42db191a6999..62da9e137bc7 100644
--- a/conversions/speed_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/speed_conversions.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_per_hour
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knot_(unit)
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre_per_second
-
 """
 
 speed_chart: dict[str, float] = {
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 
 def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
     """
-    Convert speed from one unit to another unit using the speed_chart
+    Convert speed from one unit to another using the speed_chart above.
 
     "km/h": 1.0,
     "m/s": 3.6,
@@ -34,37 +33,26 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
 
     >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "m/s")
     27.778
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "mph")
     62.137
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "km/h", "knot")
     53.996
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "km/h")
     360.0
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "mph")
     223.694
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "m/s", "knot")
     194.384
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "km/h")
     160.934
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "m/s")
     44.704
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "mph", "knot")
     86.898
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "km/h")
     185.2
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "m/s")
     51.444
-
     >>> convert_speed(100, "knot", "mph")
     115.078
     """
@@ -73,7 +61,6 @@ def convert_speed(speed: float, unit_from: str, unit_to: str) -> float:
             f"Incorrect 'from_type' or 'to_type' value: {unit_from!r}, {unit_to!r}\n"
             f"Valid values are: {', '.join(speed_chart_inverse)}"
         )
-
     return round(speed * speed_chart[unit_from] * speed_chart_inverse[unit_to], 3)
 
 

From c5153ff903c3f3c1c3c0110e1de436893d3f5ca5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Abinash Satapathy <iamabinash98@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Oct 2022 19:42:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 18/18] Update volume_conversions.py

---
 conversions/volume_conversions.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/conversions/volume_conversions.py b/conversions/volume_conversions.py
index 34799705b119..44d29009120c 100644
--- a/conversions/volume_conversions.py
+++ b/conversions/volume_conversions.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def volume_conversion(value: float, from_type: str, to_type: str) -> float:
     0.000236588
     >>> volume_conversion(4, "wrongUnit", "litre")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
-    ...
+        ...
     ValueError: Invalid 'from_type' value: 'wrongUnit'  Supported values are:
     cubicmeter, litre, kilolitre, gallon, cubicyard, cubicfoot, cup
     """