From a56525855cf0030de0ac2374146ebfb67df778cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Sep 2021 19:47:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/27] Add files via upload

---
 physics/gamma_function.py | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 physics/gamma_function.py

diff --git a/physics/gamma_function.py b/physics/gamma_function.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..395968aeb99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/physics/gamma_function.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+Gamma function is a very useful tool in physics.
+It helps calculating complex integral in a convenient way.
+for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function
+"""
+
+# Importing packages
+from math import sqrt, pi
+from re import match
+from typing import Union
+
+
+def gamma(num : Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """
+    Calculates the value of Gamma function of num
+    where num is either an integer (1,2,3..) or a half-integer (0.5,1.5,2.5...).
+    Implemented using recursion
+    Examples:
+    >>> Gamma of: 0.5
+    √π
+    >>> Gamma of: 2
+    1
+    >>> Gamma of: 3.5
+    1.875√π
+    """
+    if num == 1:
+        return 1
+    elif num == 0.5:
+        return sqrt(pi)
+    elif num > 1:
+        return (num - 1) * gamma(num - 1)
+    else:
+        # Error
+        return -2
+
+
+def test_gamma() -> None:
+    """
+    >>> test_gamma()
+    """
+    assert sqrt(pi) == gamma(0.5)
+    assert 1 == gamma(1)
+    assert 1 == gamma(2)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Initialize boolean
+    number = True
+    # Get input from user
+    input_ = input("Gamma of: ")
+    # Ensure valid input
+    try:
+        # Ensure input matches half-integer (float) pattern
+        if match(r'^[0-9]*\.5$', input_):
+            # Convert string to float
+            num = float(input_)
+        # Ensure input matches an integer pattern
+        elif match(r'^[1-9][0-9]*$', input_):
+            # Convert string to int
+            num = int(input_)
+        # Input is not a valid number
+        else:
+            # raise an error
+            raise ValueError
+    # Ensure print an error message
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Invalid input: Must be an integer or an half-integer!")
+        number = False
+    finally:
+        # Ensure input is a valid number
+        if number:
+            # Ensure input is an integer
+            if (isinstance(gamma(num), int)):
+                # Print result
+                print(gamma(num))
+            # Otherwise print results with √π (gamma of 0.5 is √π)
+            # Therefore all results will be a number times √π
+            else:
+                results = "{result:.4f}".format(result=gamma(num) / sqrt(pi))
+                results = results.rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
+                if results == "1":
+                    results = ""
+                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")

From 4951686999339c82012f6f9f6004c8ad7b918482 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2021 10:19:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/27] Changed print to f-string

Also printed out results in a math notation
---
 physics/gamma_function.py | 5 +++--
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/gamma_function.py b/physics/gamma_function.py
index 395968aeb99b..bbef623408e7 100644
--- a/physics/gamma_function.py
+++ b/physics/gamma_function.py
@@ -64,11 +64,12 @@ def test_gamma() -> None:
             raise ValueError
     # Ensure print an error message
     except ValueError:
-        print("Invalid input: Must be an integer or an half-integer!")
+        print("Error: Input must be an integer or an half-integer!")
         number = False
     finally:
         # Ensure input is a valid number
         if number:
+            print(f"\u0393({num}) = ", end="")
             # Ensure input is an integer
             if (isinstance(gamma(num), int)):
                 # Print result
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ def test_gamma() -> None:
             # Otherwise print results with √π (gamma of 0.5 is √π)
             # Therefore all results will be a number times √π
             else:
-                results = "{result:.4f}".format(result=gamma(num) / sqrt(pi))
+                results = f"{gamma(num) / sqrt(pi):.4f}"
                 results = results.rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
                 if results == "1":
                     results = ""

From ff2a162bddfb46e75a4020d5212efef684dd5850 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2021 12:41:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/27] Add files via upload

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 131 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a5b2cff28fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""
+Horizontal Projectile Motion problem in physics.
+This algorithm solves a specific problem in which
+the motion starts from the ground as can be seen below:
+      (v = 0)
+        **
+       *  *
+      *    *
+     *      *
+    *        *
+   *          *
+GROUND      GROUND
+
+For more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion
+"""
+
+# Importing packages
+from math import pi, sin
+
+# Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
+g = 9.80665
+
+
+def angle_to_radians(angle):
+    """
+    Convert an angle from degrees to randians
+    """
+    return angle * pi / 180
+
+
+def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover
+
+    Formula:
+            v_0^2 * sin(2 * alpha)
+            ---------------------
+                   g
+
+    v_0 - initial velocity
+    alpha - angle
+
+    >>> horizontal_distance(30, 45)
+    91.77
+    >>> horizontal_distance(100, 78)
+    414.76
+    """
+    radians = angle_to_radians(2 * angle)
+    return round((init_velocity ** 2) * sin(radians) / g, 2)
+
+
+def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Returns the maximum height that the object reach
+
+    Formula:
+            v_0^2 * sin^2(alpha)
+            --------------------
+                   2g
+
+    v_0 - initial velocity
+    alpha - angle
+
+    >>> max_height(30, 45)
+    22.94
+    >>> max_height(100, 78)
+    487.82
+    """
+
+    radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
+    return round(((init_velocity ** 2) * (sin(radians)) ** 2) / (2 * g), 2)
+
+
+def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
+    """
+    Returns total time of the motion
+
+    Formula:
+            2 * v_0 * sin(alpha)
+            --------------------
+                   g
+
+    v_0 - initial velocity
+    alpha - angle
+
+    >>> total_time(30, 45)
+    4.33
+    >>> total_time(100, 78)
+    19.95
+    """
+
+    radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
+    return round((2 * init_velocity) * (sin(radians)) / g, 2)
+
+
+def test_motion() -> None:
+    """
+    >>> test_motion()
+    """
+    v0, angle = 25, 20
+    assert 40.97 == horizontal_distance(v0, angle)
+    assert 3.73 == max_height(v0, angle)
+    assert 1.74 == total_time(v0, angle)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    # Get input from user
+    init_vel = float(input("Initial Velocity: "))
+
+    # Get input from user
+    angle = float(input("angle: "))
+
+    # Ensure valid angle
+    if angle > 90 or angle <= 0:
+        print("Error: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
+
+    # Ensure valid velocity
+    elif init_vel < 0:
+        print("Error: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
+
+    # Print results
+    else:
+        print()
+        h_dis = str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))
+        v_dis = str(max_height(init_vel, angle))
+        t_time = str(total_time(init_vel, angle))
+        print("Results: ")
+        print("Horizontal Distance: " + h_dis + " [m]")
+        print("Maximum Height: " + v_dis + " [m]")
+        print("Total Time: " + t_time + " [s]")

From 6550183d999e2a4a149790e40de6d536c2d509dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2021 12:53:35 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/27] Fixes: #4710 provided return type

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index a5b2cff28fc1..09a0d07489e8 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 g = 9.80665
 
 
-def angle_to_radians(angle):
+def angle_to_radians(angle : float) -> float:
     """
     Convert an angle from degrees to randians
     """

From 552546f2c1e07587366b88b36b71b912c730f3a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Sep 2021 12:55:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/27] File exists in another pull request

---
 physics/gamma_function.py | 84 ---------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 84 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 physics/gamma_function.py

diff --git a/physics/gamma_function.py b/physics/gamma_function.py
deleted file mode 100644
index bbef623408e7..000000000000
--- a/physics/gamma_function.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Gamma function is a very useful tool in physics.
-It helps calculating complex integral in a convenient way.
-for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function
-"""
-
-# Importing packages
-from math import sqrt, pi
-from re import match
-from typing import Union
-
-
-def gamma(num : Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
-    """
-    Calculates the value of Gamma function of num
-    where num is either an integer (1,2,3..) or a half-integer (0.5,1.5,2.5...).
-    Implemented using recursion
-    Examples:
-    >>> Gamma of: 0.5
-    √π
-    >>> Gamma of: 2
-    1
-    >>> Gamma of: 3.5
-    1.875√π
-    """
-    if num == 1:
-        return 1
-    elif num == 0.5:
-        return sqrt(pi)
-    elif num > 1:
-        return (num - 1) * gamma(num - 1)
-    else:
-        # Error
-        return -2
-
-
-def test_gamma() -> None:
-    """
-    >>> test_gamma()
-    """
-    assert sqrt(pi) == gamma(0.5)
-    assert 1 == gamma(1)
-    assert 1 == gamma(2)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    # Initialize boolean
-    number = True
-    # Get input from user
-    input_ = input("Gamma of: ")
-    # Ensure valid input
-    try:
-        # Ensure input matches half-integer (float) pattern
-        if match(r'^[0-9]*\.5$', input_):
-            # Convert string to float
-            num = float(input_)
-        # Ensure input matches an integer pattern
-        elif match(r'^[1-9][0-9]*$', input_):
-            # Convert string to int
-            num = int(input_)
-        # Input is not a valid number
-        else:
-            # raise an error
-            raise ValueError
-    # Ensure print an error message
-    except ValueError:
-        print("Error: Input must be an integer or an half-integer!")
-        number = False
-    finally:
-        # Ensure input is a valid number
-        if number:
-            print(f"\u0393({num}) = ", end="")
-            # Ensure input is an integer
-            if (isinstance(gamma(num), int)):
-                # Print result
-                print(gamma(num))
-            # Otherwise print results with √π (gamma of 0.5 is √π)
-            # Therefore all results will be a number times √π
-            else:
-                results = f"{gamma(num) / sqrt(pi):.4f}"
-                results = results.rstrip('0').rstrip('.')
-                if results == "1":
-                    results = ""
-                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")

From bc31e3fa7160f11b98d4dcca50c7e89faf61480b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: avivfaraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 5 Sep 2021 12:56:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/27] imported radians from math

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 9 +--------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 09a0d07489e8..89d6f635f6e5 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -15,19 +15,12 @@
 """
 
 # Importing packages
-from math import pi, sin
+from math import pi, sin, radians as angle_to_radians
 
 # Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
 g = 9.80665
 
 
-def angle_to_radians(angle : float) -> float:
-    """
-    Convert an angle from degrees to randians
-    """
-    return angle * pi / 180
-
-
 def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     """
     Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover

From 974e0a6e9561b145631fcbabb6b036be4485966e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2021 13:08:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/27] Updated file according to pre-commit test

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 89d6f635f6e5..7147da1949a5 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
 """
 
 # Importing packages
-from math import pi, sin, radians as angle_to_radians
+from math import pi
+from math import radians as angle_to_radians
+from math import sin
 
 # Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
 g = 9.80665

From 1d4fc814fac69ecd821559b0a540f4eea588b922 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2021 13:16:58 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/27] Updated file

---
 maths/gamma_recursive.py | 83 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 maths/gamma_recursive.py

diff --git a/maths/gamma_recursive.py b/maths/gamma_recursive.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..11c14c2cb2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/maths/gamma_recursive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""
+Gamma function is a very useful tool in physics.
+It helps calculating complex integral in a convenient way.
+for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function
+"""
+
+# Importing packages
+from math import sqrt, pi
+from re import match
+from typing import Union
+
+
+def gamma(num : Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
+    """
+    Calculates the value of Gamma function of num
+    where num is either an integer (1,2,3..) or a half-integer (0.5,1.5,2.5...).
+    Implemented using recursion
+    Examples:
+    >>> Gamma of: 0.5
+    √π
+    >>> Gamma of: 2
+    1
+    >>> Gamma of: 3.5
+    1.875√π
+    """
+    if num == 1:
+        return 1
+    elif num == 0.5:
+        return sqrt(pi)
+    elif num > 1:
+        return (num - 1) * gamma(num - 1)
+    # Error
+    return -2
+
+
+def test_gamma() -> None:
+    """
+    >>> test_gamma()
+    """
+    assert sqrt(pi) == gamma(0.5)
+    assert 1 == gamma(1)
+    assert 1 == gamma(2)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # Initialize boolean
+    number = True
+    # Get input from user
+    input_ = input("Gamma of: ")
+    # Ensure valid input
+    try:
+        # Ensure input matches half-integer (float) pattern
+        if match(r"^[0-9]*\.5$", input_):
+            # Convert string to float
+            num = float(input_)
+        # Ensure input matches an integer pattern
+        elif match(r"^[1-9][0-9]*$", input_):
+            # Convert string to int
+            num = int(input_)
+        # Input is not a valid number
+        else:
+            # raise an error
+            raise ValueError
+    # Ensure print an error message
+    except ValueError:
+        print("Error: Input must be an integer or an half-integer!")
+        number = False
+    finally:
+        # Ensure input is a valid number
+        if number:
+            print(f"\u0393({num}) = ", end="")
+            # Ensure input is an integer
+            if isinstance(gamma(num), int):
+                # Print result
+                print(gamma(num))
+            # Otherwise print results with √π (gamma of 0.5 is √π)
+            # Therefore all results will be a number times √π
+            else:
+                results = f"{gamma(num) / sqrt(pi):.4f}"
+                results = results.rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
+                if results == "1":
+                    results = ""
+                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")
\ No newline at end of file

From 7bd84b4eee7aa118edff8aba79bf7130b099bd8b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2021 13:55:20 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/27] Updated gamma

---
 maths/gamma_recursive.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/maths/gamma_recursive.py b/maths/gamma_recursive.py
index 11c14c2cb2a3..e7e2c70c7ebe 100644
--- a/maths/gamma_recursive.py
+++ b/maths/gamma_recursive.py
@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 """
 
 # Importing packages
-from math import sqrt, pi
+from math import pi, sqrt
 from re import match
 from typing import Union
 
 
-def gamma(num : Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
+def gamma(num: Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
     """
     Calculates the value of Gamma function of num
     where num is either an integer (1,2,3..) or a half-integer (0.5,1.5,2.5...).
@@ -80,4 +80,4 @@ def test_gamma() -> None:
                 results = results.rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
                 if results == "1":
                     results = ""
-                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")
\ No newline at end of file
+                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")

From 2841c11da1cac9d5e94dd72f6cd301561baad012 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2021 13:58:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/27] Deleted duplicate file

---
 maths/gamma_recursive.py | 83 ----------------------------------------
 1 file changed, 83 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 maths/gamma_recursive.py

diff --git a/maths/gamma_recursive.py b/maths/gamma_recursive.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e7e2c70c7ebe..000000000000
--- a/maths/gamma_recursive.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Gamma function is a very useful tool in physics.
-It helps calculating complex integral in a convenient way.
-for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function
-"""
-
-# Importing packages
-from math import pi, sqrt
-from re import match
-from typing import Union
-
-
-def gamma(num: Union[int, float]) -> Union[int, float]:
-    """
-    Calculates the value of Gamma function of num
-    where num is either an integer (1,2,3..) or a half-integer (0.5,1.5,2.5...).
-    Implemented using recursion
-    Examples:
-    >>> Gamma of: 0.5
-    √π
-    >>> Gamma of: 2
-    1
-    >>> Gamma of: 3.5
-    1.875√π
-    """
-    if num == 1:
-        return 1
-    elif num == 0.5:
-        return sqrt(pi)
-    elif num > 1:
-        return (num - 1) * gamma(num - 1)
-    # Error
-    return -2
-
-
-def test_gamma() -> None:
-    """
-    >>> test_gamma()
-    """
-    assert sqrt(pi) == gamma(0.5)
-    assert 1 == gamma(1)
-    assert 1 == gamma(2)
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    # Initialize boolean
-    number = True
-    # Get input from user
-    input_ = input("Gamma of: ")
-    # Ensure valid input
-    try:
-        # Ensure input matches half-integer (float) pattern
-        if match(r"^[0-9]*\.5$", input_):
-            # Convert string to float
-            num = float(input_)
-        # Ensure input matches an integer pattern
-        elif match(r"^[1-9][0-9]*$", input_):
-            # Convert string to int
-            num = int(input_)
-        # Input is not a valid number
-        else:
-            # raise an error
-            raise ValueError
-    # Ensure print an error message
-    except ValueError:
-        print("Error: Input must be an integer or an half-integer!")
-        number = False
-    finally:
-        # Ensure input is a valid number
-        if number:
-            print(f"\u0393({num}) = ", end="")
-            # Ensure input is an integer
-            if isinstance(gamma(num), int):
-                # Print result
-                print(gamma(num))
-            # Otherwise print results with √π (gamma of 0.5 is √π)
-            # Therefore all results will be a number times √π
-            else:
-                results = f"{gamma(num) / sqrt(pi):.4f}"
-                results = results.rstrip("0").rstrip(".")
-                if results == "1":
-                    results = ""
-                print(results + "\u221A\u03c0")

From cea2deb0c8348f91cd566f327a3468fcfd98beec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Sep 2021 13:59:46 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/27] removed pi

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 7147da1949a5..7ec370579810 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 """
 
 # Importing packages
-from math import pi
 from math import radians as angle_to_radians
 from math import sin
 

From db7db3b3709ccb0b9c5a34e1b381b4b2693906f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 09:31:36 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/27] reversed tests

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 7ec370579810..551c4089cd95 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ def test_motion() -> None:
     >>> test_motion()
     """
     v0, angle = 25, 20
-    assert 40.97 == horizontal_distance(v0, angle)
-    assert 3.73 == max_height(v0, angle)
-    assert 1.74 == total_time(v0, angle)
+    assert horizontal_distance(v0, angle) == 40.97
+    assert max_height(v0, angle) == 3.73
+    assert total_time(v0, angle) == 1.74
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

From 132e4952ee8f20aebcd1b02232f38c3103c4906d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 09:32:55 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/27] Fixed angle condition

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 551c4089cd95..ea90b5603771 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def test_motion() -> None:
     angle = float(input("angle: "))
 
     # Ensure valid angle
-    if angle > 90 or angle <= 0:
+    if angle > 90 or angle < 1:
         print("Error: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
 
     # Ensure valid velocity

From c0e5071e797e0621ce0034111d48514f4d3b929b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 09:35:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/27] Modified prints to f-string

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 6 +++---
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index ea90b5603771..96afc92b2241 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -120,6 +120,6 @@ def test_motion() -> None:
         v_dis = str(max_height(init_vel, angle))
         t_time = str(total_time(init_vel, angle))
         print("Results: ")
-        print("Horizontal Distance: " + h_dis + " [m]")
-        print("Maximum Height: " + v_dis + " [m]")
-        print("Total Time: " + t_time + " [s]")
+        print(f"Horizontal Distance: {h_dis} [m]")
+        print(f"Maximum Height: {v_dis} [m]")
+        print(f"Total Time: {t_time} [s]")

From 894fa7f0098efc67592b4eb0d7aac068790f1657 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 09:37:33 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/27] Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 9 +++------
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 96afc92b2241..0ae6348ea5e5 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -116,10 +116,7 @@ def test_motion() -> None:
     # Print results
     else:
         print()
-        h_dis = str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))
-        v_dis = str(max_height(init_vel, angle))
-        t_time = str(total_time(init_vel, angle))
         print("Results: ")
-        print(f"Horizontal Distance: {h_dis} [m]")
-        print(f"Maximum Height: {v_dis} [m]")
-        print(f"Total Time: {t_time} [s]")
+        print(f"Horizontal Distance: {str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
+        print(f"Maximum Height: {str(max_height(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
+        print(f"Total Time: {str(total_time(init_vel, angle))} [s]")

From 07646ac92b6510e595c20211f374af8fc7e97df2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 14:41:47 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/27] Update horizontal_projectile_motion.py

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 7 +++----
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 0ae6348ea5e5..1fb02f42cc2a 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 # Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
 g = 9.80665
 
-
 def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     """
     Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@ def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     414.76
     """
     radians = angle_to_radians(2 * angle)
-    return round((init_velocity ** 2) * sin(radians) / g, 2)
+    return round(init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) / g, 2)
 
 
 def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     """
 
     radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
-    return round(((init_velocity ** 2) * (sin(radians)) ** 2) / (2 * g), 2)
+    return round((init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) ** 2) / (2 * g), 2)
 
 
 def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     """
 
     radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
-    return round((2 * init_velocity) * (sin(radians)) / g, 2)
+    return round(2 * init_velocity * sin(radians) / g, 2)
 
 
 def test_motion() -> None:

From 4e2fcaf6fbbf41b77c3538c60dd44a908982b27c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 15:15:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/27] Fixes #4710 added exceptions and tests

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 79 +++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 60 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 1fb02f42cc2a..9abb7ede4cfe 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -21,6 +21,28 @@
 # Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
 g = 9.80665
 
+
+def check_args(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that the arguments are valid
+    """
+
+    # Ensure valid instance
+    if not isinstance(init_velocity, (int, float)):
+        raise TypeError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
+
+    if not isinstance(angle, (int, float)):
+        raise TypeError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
+
+    # Ensure valid angle
+    if angle > 90 or angle < 1:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
+
+    # Ensure valid velocity
+    if init_velocity < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
+
+
 def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     """
     Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover
@@ -37,7 +59,16 @@ def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     91.77
     >>> horizontal_distance(100, 78)
     414.76
+    >>> horizontal_distance(-1, 20)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
+    >>> horizontal_distance(30, -20)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
     """
+    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
     radians = angle_to_radians(2 * angle)
     return round(init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) / g, 2)
 
@@ -58,10 +89,18 @@ def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     22.94
     >>> max_height(100, 78)
     487.82
+    >>> max_height("a", 20)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
+    >>> horizontal_distance(30, "b")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
     """
-
+    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
     radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
-    return round((init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) ** 2) / (2 * g), 2)
+    return round(init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) ** 2 / (2 * g), 2)
 
 
 def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
@@ -80,8 +119,16 @@ def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     4.33
     >>> total_time(100, 78)
     19.95
+    >>> total_time(-10, 40)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
+    >>> total_time(30, "b")
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
     """
-
+    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
     radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
     return round(2 * init_velocity * sin(radians) / g, 2)
 
@@ -97,25 +144,19 @@ def test_motion() -> None:
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from doctest import testmod
 
-    # Get input from user
-    init_vel = float(input("Initial Velocity: "))
+    testmod()
 
     # Get input from user
-    angle = float(input("angle: "))
+    init_vel = float(input("Initial Velocity: ").strip())
 
-    # Ensure valid angle
-    if angle > 90 or angle < 1:
-        print("Error: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
-
-    # Ensure valid velocity
-    elif init_vel < 0:
-        print("Error: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
+    # Get input from user
+    angle = float(input("angle: ").strip())
 
     # Print results
-    else:
-        print()
-        print("Results: ")
-        print(f"Horizontal Distance: {str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
-        print(f"Maximum Height: {str(max_height(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
-        print(f"Total Time: {str(total_time(init_vel, angle))} [s]")
+    print()
+    print("Results: ")
+    print(f"Horizontal Distance: {str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
+    print(f"Maximum Height: {str(max_height(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
+    print(f"Total Time: {str(total_time(init_vel, angle))} [s]")

From dcacc95b9d5c7fe70951b9655551e6708130a212 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 7 Sep 2021 15:18:18 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/27] Added float tests

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
index 9abb7ede4cfe..404164f1882c 100644
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     91.77
     >>> horizontal_distance(100, 78)
     414.76
+    >>> horizontal_distance(4.5, 5.5)
+    0.39
     >>> horizontal_distance(-1, 20)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
@@ -89,6 +91,8 @@ def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     22.94
     >>> max_height(100, 78)
     487.82
+    >>> max_height(4.5, 5.5)
+    0.01
     >>> max_height("a", 20)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
@@ -119,6 +123,8 @@ def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
     4.33
     >>> total_time(100, 78)
     19.95
+    >>> total_time(4.5, 5.5)
+    0.09
     >>> total_time(-10, 40)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...

From 3f2b238c34cd926b335d1f6f750e009f08e8f270 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 15:30:42 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/27] Fixed type annotations

---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index f4ce5a075f46..b2b2953f4bc1 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
 
 Created by TrapinchO
 """
-
-RotorPositionT = tuple[int, int, int]
-RotorSelectionT = tuple[str, str, str]
+from typing import Tuple, Dict
+RotorPositionT = Tuple[int, int, int]
+RotorSelectionT = Tuple[str, str, str]
 
 
 # used alphabet --------------------------
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
 def _validator(
     rotpos: RotorPositionT, rotsel: RotorSelectionT, pb: str
-) -> tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, dict[str, str]]:
+) -> tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, Dict[str, str]]:
     """
     Checks if the values can be used for the 'enigma' function
 
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _validator(
     return rotpos, rotsel, pbdict
 
 
-def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> dict[str, str]:
+def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
     """
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine#Plugboard
 

From e3678fdeadd23f1bfca27015ab524efa184f6c79 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 15:35:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 20/27] Fixed last annotation

---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index b2b2953f4bc1..3ed94c59de60 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 
 def _validator(
     rotpos: RotorPositionT, rotsel: RotorSelectionT, pb: str
-) -> tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, Dict[str, str]]:
+) -> Tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, Dict[str, str]]:
     """
     Checks if the values can be used for the 'enigma' function
 

From c37bb9540834cb77e37822eb376a5896cda34778 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 15:42:02 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 21/27] Fixed annotations

---
 ciphers/a1z26.py         |  7 +++++--
 ciphers/trafid_cipher.py | 11 +++++++----
 ciphers/xor_cipher.py    |  7 +++++--
 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/a1z26.py b/ciphers/a1z26.py
index e6684fb1e6fc..8f038a4026d2 100644
--- a/ciphers/a1z26.py
+++ b/ciphers/a1z26.py
@@ -7,7 +7,10 @@
 """
 
 
-def encode(plain: str) -> list[int]:
+from typing import List
+
+
+def encode(plain: str) -> List[int]:
     """
     >>> encode("myname")
     [13, 25, 14, 1, 13, 5]
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ def encode(plain: str) -> list[int]:
     return [ord(elem) - 96 for elem in plain]
 
 
-def decode(encoded: list[int]) -> str:
+def decode(encoded: List[int]) -> str:
     """
     >>> decode([13, 25, 14, 1, 13, 5])
     'myname'
diff --git a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
index 1c8ea3024d33..f4bf45b3dab7 100644
--- a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid_cipher
 
 
-def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: dict[str, str]) -> str:
+from typing import Tuple, Dict
+
+
+def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
     one, two, three = "", "", ""
     tmp = []
 
@@ -17,8 +20,8 @@ def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: dict[str, str]) -> str:
 
 
 def __decryptPart(
-    messagePart: str, character2Number: dict[str, str]
-) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
+    messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]
+) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
     tmp, thisPart = "", ""
     result = []
 
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ def __decryptPart(
 
 def __prepare(
     message: str, alphabet: str
-) -> tuple[str, str, dict[str, str], dict[str, str]]:
+) -> Tuple[str, str, Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
     # Validate message and alphabet, set to upper and remove spaces
     alphabet = alphabet.replace(" ", "").upper()
     message = message.replace(" ", "").upper()
diff --git a/ciphers/xor_cipher.py b/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
index 12d580e720bc..6bd22ea24169 100644
--- a/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 """
 
 
+from typing import List
+
+
 class XORCipher:
     def __init__(self, key: int = 0):
         """
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ def __init__(self, key: int = 0):
         # private field
         self.__key = key
 
-    def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> list[str]:
+    def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> List[str]:
         """
         input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
         output: encrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> list[str]:
 
         return ans
 
-    def decrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> list[str]:
+    def decrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> List[str]:
         """
         input: 'content' of type list and 'key' of type int
         output: decrypted string 'content' as a list of chars

From 5b0249ac0a0f9c36c3cfbab8423eb72925a73ffb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Username <avivfaraj4@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 15:44:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 22/27] fixed format

---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py | 3 ++-
 ciphers/trafid_cipher.py   | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index 3ed94c59de60..771c4db0da5b 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@
 
 Created by TrapinchO
 """
-from typing import Tuple, Dict
+from typing import Dict, Tuple
+
 RotorPositionT = Tuple[int, int, int]
 RotorSelectionT = Tuple[str, str, str]
 
diff --git a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
index f4bf45b3dab7..b0800b0f2bff 100644
--- a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid_cipher
 
 
-from typing import Tuple, Dict
+from typing import Dict, Tuple
 
 
 def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]) -> str:

From 06e1eb7d55319ed8552b357c677cf92fd099a309 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 16:55:11 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 23/27] Add files via upload

---
 ciphers/a1z26.py           |  7 ++++---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py |  8 +++++---
 ciphers/trafid_cipher.py   | 10 +++++-----
 ciphers/xor_cipher.py      |  6 +++---
 4 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/a1z26.py b/ciphers/a1z26.py
index 8f038a4026d2..cd88e0243695 100644
--- a/ciphers/a1z26.py
+++ b/ciphers/a1z26.py
@@ -7,10 +7,11 @@
 """
 
 
-from typing import List
+# from typing import List
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 
-def encode(plain: str) -> List[int]:
+def encode(plain: str) -> list[int]:
     """
     >>> encode("myname")
     [13, 25, 14, 1, 13, 5]
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ def encode(plain: str) -> List[int]:
     return [ord(elem) - 96 for elem in plain]
 
 
-def decode(encoded: List[int]) -> str:
+def decode(encoded: list[int]) -> str:
     """
     >>> decode([13, 25, 14, 1, 13, 5])
     'myname'
diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index 771c4db0da5b..09ab679726a4 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
 
 Created by TrapinchO
 """
-from typing import Dict, Tuple
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Tuple
 
 RotorPositionT = Tuple[int, int, int]
 RotorSelectionT = Tuple[str, str, str]
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@
 
 def _validator(
     rotpos: RotorPositionT, rotsel: RotorSelectionT, pb: str
-) -> Tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, Dict[str, str]]:
+) -> tuple[RotorPositionT, RotorSelectionT, dict[str, str]]:
     """
     Checks if the values can be used for the 'enigma' function
 
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ def _validator(
     return rotpos, rotsel, pbdict
 
 
-def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
+def _plugboard(pbstring: str) -> dict[str, str]:
     """
     https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_machine#Plugboard
 
diff --git a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
index b0800b0f2bff..497e8ca4286f 100644
--- a/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/trafid_cipher.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifid_cipher
 
 
-from typing import Dict, Tuple
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 
-def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
+def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: dict[str, str]) -> str:
     one, two, three = "", "", ""
     tmp = []
 
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ def __encryptPart(messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]) -> str:
 
 
 def __decryptPart(
-    messagePart: str, character2Number: Dict[str, str]
-) -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
+    messagePart: str, character2Number: dict[str, str]
+) -> tuple[str, str, str]:
     tmp, thisPart = "", ""
     result = []
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def __decryptPart(
 
 def __prepare(
     message: str, alphabet: str
-) -> Tuple[str, str, Dict[str, str], Dict[str, str]]:
+) -> tuple[str, str, dict[str, str], dict[str, str]]:
     # Validate message and alphabet, set to upper and remove spaces
     alphabet = alphabet.replace(" ", "").upper()
     message = message.replace(" ", "").upper()
diff --git a/ciphers/xor_cipher.py b/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
index 6bd22ea24169..7b4e55193ec1 100644
--- a/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/xor_cipher.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 """
 
 
-from typing import List
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 
 class XORCipher:
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def __init__(self, key: int = 0):
         # private field
         self.__key = key
 
-    def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> List[str]:
+    def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> list[str]:
         """
         input: 'content' of type string and 'key' of type int
         output: encrypted string 'content' as a list of chars
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def encrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> List[str]:
 
         return ans
 
-    def decrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> List[str]:
+    def decrypt(self, content: str, key: int) -> list[str]:
         """
         input: 'content' of type list and 'key' of type int
         output: decrypted string 'content' as a list of chars

From 77365dc951e0d6a0fae6282b931c2620d382131e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 16:55:34 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 24/27] Update a1z26.py

---
 ciphers/a1z26.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/a1z26.py b/ciphers/a1z26.py
index cd88e0243695..06f14075de6f 100644
--- a/ciphers/a1z26.py
+++ b/ciphers/a1z26.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 """
 
 
-# from typing import List
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 

From 2c9d1268d9dac0924fe047b9e1f7b7f25ba745e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 17:00:31 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 25/27] Update enigma_machine2.py

---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index 09ab679726a4..441a829c65ca 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 Created by TrapinchO
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
-
 from typing import Tuple
 
+
 RotorPositionT = Tuple[int, int, int]
 RotorSelectionT = Tuple[str, str, str]
 

From 85b233ddcae8ff65df7b7c39e7c951036fbdac55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 17:06:39 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 26/27] Delete horizontal_projectile_motion.py

---
 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py | 168 ------------------------
 1 file changed, 168 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py

diff --git a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py b/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 404164f1882c..000000000000
--- a/physics/horizontal_projectile_motion.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Horizontal Projectile Motion problem in physics.
-This algorithm solves a specific problem in which
-the motion starts from the ground as can be seen below:
-      (v = 0)
-        **
-       *  *
-      *    *
-     *      *
-    *        *
-   *          *
-GROUND      GROUND
-
-For more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion
-"""
-
-# Importing packages
-from math import radians as angle_to_radians
-from math import sin
-
-# Acceleration Constant on hearth (unit m/s^2)
-g = 9.80665
-
-
-def check_args(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> None:
-    """
-    Check that the arguments are valid
-    """
-
-    # Ensure valid instance
-    if not isinstance(init_velocity, (int, float)):
-        raise TypeError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
-
-    if not isinstance(angle, (int, float)):
-        raise TypeError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
-
-    # Ensure valid angle
-    if angle > 90 or angle < 1:
-        raise ValueError("Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.")
-
-    # Ensure valid velocity
-    if init_velocity < 0:
-        raise ValueError("Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.")
-
-
-def horizontal_distance(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
-    """
-    Returns the horizontal distance that the object cover
-
-    Formula:
-            v_0^2 * sin(2 * alpha)
-            ---------------------
-                   g
-
-    v_0 - initial velocity
-    alpha - angle
-
-    >>> horizontal_distance(30, 45)
-    91.77
-    >>> horizontal_distance(100, 78)
-    414.76
-    >>> horizontal_distance(4.5, 5.5)
-    0.39
-    >>> horizontal_distance(-1, 20)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
-    >>> horizontal_distance(30, -20)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    ValueError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
-    """
-    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
-    radians = angle_to_radians(2 * angle)
-    return round(init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) / g, 2)
-
-
-def max_height(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
-    """
-    Returns the maximum height that the object reach
-
-    Formula:
-            v_0^2 * sin^2(alpha)
-            --------------------
-                   2g
-
-    v_0 - initial velocity
-    alpha - angle
-
-    >>> max_height(30, 45)
-    22.94
-    >>> max_height(100, 78)
-    487.82
-    >>> max_height(4.5, 5.5)
-    0.01
-    >>> max_height("a", 20)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    TypeError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
-    >>> horizontal_distance(30, "b")
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
-    """
-    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
-    radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
-    return round(init_velocity ** 2 * sin(radians) ** 2 / (2 * g), 2)
-
-
-def total_time(init_velocity: float, angle: float) -> float:
-    """
-    Returns total time of the motion
-
-    Formula:
-            2 * v_0 * sin(alpha)
-            --------------------
-                   g
-
-    v_0 - initial velocity
-    alpha - angle
-
-    >>> total_time(30, 45)
-    4.33
-    >>> total_time(100, 78)
-    19.95
-    >>> total_time(4.5, 5.5)
-    0.09
-    >>> total_time(-10, 40)
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    ValueError: Invalid velocity. Should be a positive number.
-    >>> total_time(30, "b")
-    Traceback (most recent call last):
-        ...
-    TypeError: Invalid angle. Range is 1-90 degrees.
-    """
-    check_args(init_velocity, angle)
-    radians = angle_to_radians(angle)
-    return round(2 * init_velocity * sin(radians) / g, 2)
-
-
-def test_motion() -> None:
-    """
-    >>> test_motion()
-    """
-    v0, angle = 25, 20
-    assert horizontal_distance(v0, angle) == 40.97
-    assert max_height(v0, angle) == 3.73
-    assert total_time(v0, angle) == 1.74
-
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    from doctest import testmod
-
-    testmod()
-
-    # Get input from user
-    init_vel = float(input("Initial Velocity: ").strip())
-
-    # Get input from user
-    angle = float(input("angle: ").strip())
-
-    # Print results
-    print()
-    print("Results: ")
-    print(f"Horizontal Distance: {str(horizontal_distance(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
-    print(f"Maximum Height: {str(max_height(init_vel, angle))} [m]")
-    print(f"Total Time: {str(total_time(init_vel, angle))} [s]")

From 14410dff7a49b4359bb1f494ffc959cf8f01ac4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Aviv Faraj <73610201+avivfaraj@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Sep 2021 17:35:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 27/27] Update enigma_machine2.py

---
 ciphers/enigma_machine2.py | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
index 441a829c65ca..dfc3d0c42cf4 100644
--- a/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
+++ b/ciphers/enigma_machine2.py
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 Created by TrapinchO
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import Tuple