diff --git a/ciphers/md5.py b/ciphers/md5.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1bb24cf71b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ciphers/md5.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# Author: farazulhoda
+
+# A Python program that calculates the MD5 (Message Digest 5) hash of a given string using the hashlib library.
+# While MD5 is considered weak and not suitable for cryptographic purposes, it can still be used for non-security-related purposes
+# like checksums or simple data integrity checks.
+
+
+# By importing the hashlib library, which provides various hashing algorithms, including MD5.
+import hashlib
+
+
+# Function to calculate the MD5 hash of a given input string.
+def calculate_md5_hash(input_string):
+    # Create an MD5 hash object using hashlib.
+    md5_hash = hashlib.md5()
+
+    # Update the hash object with the input string, encoded as bytes.
+    md5_hash.update(input_string.encode("utf-8"))
+
+    # Get the hexadecimal representation of the MD5 hash.
+    md5_hash_hex = md5_hash.hexdigest()
+
+    # Return the MD5 hash as a hexadecimal string.
+    return md5_hash_hex
+
+
+# Input string provided by the user.
+input_string = input("Enter a string: ")
+
+# Calculate and print the MD5 hash.
+md5_hash = calculate_md5_hash(input_string)
+print(f"Input String: {input_string}")
+print(f"MD5 Hash: {md5_hash}")
diff --git a/ciphers/onepad_cipher.py b/ciphers/onepad_cipher.py
index c4fb22e14a06..8de204e1a168 100644
--- a/ciphers/onepad_cipher.py
+++ b/ciphers/onepad_cipher.py
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@ def encrypt(text: str) -> tuple[list[int], list[int]]:
         >>> Onepad().encrypt("")
         ([], [])
         >>> Onepad().encrypt([])
-        ([], [])
+        Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+        TypeError: Input must be a string
         >>> random.seed(1)
         >>> Onepad().encrypt(" ")
         ([6969], [69])
@@ -19,12 +21,27 @@ def encrypt(text: str) -> tuple[list[int], list[int]]:
         >>> Onepad().encrypt(1)
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
-        TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable
+        TypeError: Input must be a string
         >>> Onepad().encrypt(1.1)
         Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
-        TypeError: 'float' object is not iterable
+        TypeError: Input must be a string
         """
+        # Original code for encrypting the text
+        # plain = [ord(i) for i in text]
+        # key = []
+        # cipher = []
+        # for i in plain:
+        #     k = random.randint(1, 300)
+        #     c = (i + k) * k
+        #     cipher.append(c)
+        #     key.append(k)
+        # return cipher, key
+
+        # New code: Ensure input is a string
+        if not isinstance(text, str):  # Ensure input is a string
+            raise TypeError("Input must be a string")
+
         plain = [ord(i) for i in text]
         key = []
         cipher = []
@@ -51,9 +68,23 @@ def decrypt(cipher: list[int], key: list[int]) -> str:
         >>> Onepad().decrypt([9729, 114756, 4653, 31309, 10492], [69, 292, 33, 131, 61])
         'Hello'
         """
+        # Original code for decrypting the text
+        # plain = []
+        # for i in range(len(key)):
+        #     p = int((cipher[i] - (key[i]) ** 2) / key[i])
+        #     plain.append(chr(p))
+        # return "".join(plain)
+
+        # New code: Ensure lengths of cipher and key match
+        if len(cipher) != len(key):  # Check if lengths match
+            raise ValueError("Cipher and key must have the same length")
+
         plain = []
         for i in range(len(key)):
             p = int((cipher[i] - (key[i]) ** 2) / key[i])
+            # Check for valid Unicode range
+            if p < 0 or p > 1114111:  # Check for valid Unicode range
+                raise ValueError("Decrypted value out of range for valid characters")
             plain.append(chr(p))
         return "".join(plain)