diff --git a/matrix/nth_fibonacci_using_matrix_exponentiation.py b/matrix/nth_fibonacci_using_matrix_exponentiation.py new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..cee6b21c81eb --- /dev/null +++ b/matrix/nth_fibonacci_using_matrix_exponentiation.py @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +""" +Implementation of finding nth fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation. +Time Complexity is about O(log(n)*8), where 8 is the complexity of matrix multiplication of size 2 by 2. +And on the other hand complexity of bruteforce solution is O(n). +As we know + f[n] = f[n-1] + f[n-1] +Converting to matrix, + [f(n),f(n-1)] = [[1,1],[1,0]] * [f(n-1),f(n-2)] +-> [f(n),f(n-1)] = [[1,1],[1,0]]^2 * [f(n-2),f(n-3)] + ... + ... +-> [f(n),f(n-1)] = [[1,1],[1,0]]^(n-1) * [f(1),f(0)] +So we just need the n times multiplication of the matrix [1,1],[1,0]]. +We can decrease the n times multiplication by following the divide and conquer approach. +""" +from __future__ import print_function + + +def multiply(matrix_a, matrix_b): + matrix_c = [] + n = len(matrix_a) + for i in range(n): + list_1 = [] + for j in range(n): + val = 0 + for k in range(n): + val = val + matrix_a[i][k] * matrix_b[k][j] + list_1.append(val) + matrix_c.append(list_1) + return matrix_c + + +def identity(n): + return [[int(row == column) for column in range(n)] for row in range(n)] + + +def nth_fibonacci_matrix(n): + """ + >>> nth_fibonacci_matrix(100) + 354224848179261915075 + >>> nth_fibonacci_matrix(-100) + -100 + """ + if n <= 1: + return n + res_matrix = identity(2) + fibonacci_matrix = [[1, 1], [1, 0]] + n = n - 1 + while n > 0: + if n % 2 == 1: + res_matrix = multiply(res_matrix, fibonacci_matrix) + fibonacci_matrix = multiply(fibonacci_matrix, fibonacci_matrix) + n = int(n / 2) + return res_matrix[0][0] + + +def nth_fibonacci_bruteforce(n): + """ + >>> nth_fibonacci_bruteforce(100) + 354224848179261915075 + >>> nth_fibonacci_bruteforce(-100) + -100 + """ + if n <= 1: + return n + fib0 = 0 + fib1 = 1 + for i in range(2, n + 1): + fib0, fib1 = fib1, fib0 + fib1 + return fib1 + + +def main(): + fmt = "{} fibonacci number using matrix exponentiation is {} and using bruteforce is {}\n" + for ordinal in "0th 1st 2nd 3rd 10th 100th 1000th".split(): + n = int("".join(c for c in ordinal if c in "0123456789")) # 1000th --> 1000 + print(fmt.format(ordinal, nth_fibonacci(n), nth_fibonacci_test(n))) + # from timeit import timeit + # print(timeit("nth_fibonacci_matrix(1000000)", + # "from main import nth_fibonacci_matrix", number=5)) + # print(timeit("nth_fibonacci_bruteforce(1000000)", + # "from main import nth_fibonacci_bruteforce", number=5)) + # 2.3342058970001744 + # 57.256506615000035 + + +if __name__ == "__main__": + main()