|
| 1 | +from __future__ import annotations |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +k_e = 8.99 * (10**9) # N·m²/C², Coulomb's constant |
| 4 | +"""reference:https://phys.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/University_Physics/University_Physics_(OpenStax)/University_Physics_II_-_Thermodynamics_Electricity_and_Magnetism_(OpenStax)/07%3A_Electric_Potential/7.02%3A_Electric_Potential_Energy """ |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +def potential_energy_2_charges( |
| 7 | + charge_1: float, |
| 8 | + charge_2: float, |
| 9 | + distance: float, |
| 10 | +) -> float: |
| 11 | + """ |
| 12 | + Calculate the potential energy due to two charges. |
| 13 | +
|
| 14 | + Parameters: |
| 15 | + - charge_1 (float): The charge in Coulombs. |
| 16 | + - charge_2 (float): The charge in Coulombs. |
| 17 | + - distance (float): The distance between the charges in meters. |
| 18 | +
|
| 19 | + Returns: |
| 20 | + - float: The potential energy. |
| 21 | +
|
| 22 | + Raises: |
| 23 | + - ValueError: If distance is less than zero. |
| 24 | +
|
| 25 | + Examples: |
| 26 | + >>> potential_energy_2_charges(1e-6, 1e-6, 0.01) |
| 27 | + 899000.0 |
| 28 | + >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, 0.05) |
| 29 | + 1078800.0 |
| 30 | + >>> potential_energy_2_charges(0, 3e-6, 0.05) |
| 31 | + 0 |
| 32 | + >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, 0) |
| 33 | + inf |
| 34 | + >>> potential_energy_2_charges(2e-6, 3e-6, -0.05) |
| 35 | + Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 36 | + ... |
| 37 | + ValueError: Distance cannot be less than zero. |
| 38 | + """ |
| 39 | + if charge_1 == 0 or charge_2 == 0: |
| 40 | + return 0 |
| 41 | + elif distance == 0: |
| 42 | + return float("inf") |
| 43 | + elif distance < 0: |
| 44 | + raise ValueError("Distance cannot be less than zero.") |
| 45 | + else: |
| 46 | + potential_energy = k_e * charge_1 * charge_2 / distance |
| 47 | + return potential_energy |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 51 | + import doctest |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | + doctest.testmod() |
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