Merge branch 'TheAlgorithms:master' into fix-mypy-errs-5

Author: tianyizheng02

Diff for: .pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ repos:
     -   id: auto-walrus
 
   - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.259
+    rev: v0.0.270
     hooks:
       - id: ruff
 
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-    rev: 23.1.0
+    rev: 23.3.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ repos:
           - tomli
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
-    rev: "0.9.2"
+    rev: "0.11.2"
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ repos:
         pass_filenames: false
 
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
-    rev: v0.12.1
+    rev: v0.13
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.1.1
+    rev: v1.3.0
     hooks:
       - id: mypy
         args:

Diff for: DIRECTORY.md

@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@
     * [Alternate Disjoint Set](data_structures/disjoint_set/alternate_disjoint_set.py)
     * [Disjoint Set](data_structures/disjoint_set/disjoint_set.py)
   * Hashing
+    * [Bloom Filter](data_structures/hashing/bloom_filter.py)
     * [Double Hash](data_structures/hashing/double_hash.py)
     * [Hash Map](data_structures/hashing/hash_map.py)
     * [Hash Table](data_structures/hashing/hash_table.py)
@@ -232,6 +233,7 @@
     * [Double Ended Queue](data_structures/queue/double_ended_queue.py)
     * [Linked Queue](data_structures/queue/linked_queue.py)
     * [Priority Queue Using List](data_structures/queue/priority_queue_using_list.py)
+    * [Queue By Two Stacks](data_structures/queue/queue_by_two_stacks.py)
     * [Queue On List](data_structures/queue/queue_on_list.py)
     * [Queue On Pseudo Stack](data_structures/queue/queue_on_pseudo_stack.py)
   * Stacks
@@ -325,6 +327,7 @@
   * [Minimum Coin Change](dynamic_programming/minimum_coin_change.py)
   * [Minimum Cost Path](dynamic_programming/minimum_cost_path.py)
   * [Minimum Partition](dynamic_programming/minimum_partition.py)
+  * [Minimum Size Subarray Sum](dynamic_programming/minimum_size_subarray_sum.py)
   * [Minimum Squares To Represent A Number](dynamic_programming/minimum_squares_to_represent_a_number.py)
   * [Minimum Steps To One](dynamic_programming/minimum_steps_to_one.py)
   * [Minimum Tickets Cost](dynamic_programming/minimum_tickets_cost.py)
@@ -337,6 +340,7 @@
   * [Word Break](dynamic_programming/word_break.py)
 
 ## Electronics
+  * [Apparent Power](electronics/apparent_power.py)
   * [Builtin Voltage](electronics/builtin_voltage.py)
   * [Carrier Concentration](electronics/carrier_concentration.py)
   * [Circular Convolution](electronics/circular_convolution.py)
@@ -346,6 +350,7 @@
   * [Electrical Impedance](electronics/electrical_impedance.py)
   * [Ind Reactance](electronics/ind_reactance.py)
   * [Ohms Law](electronics/ohms_law.py)
+  * [Real And Reactive Power](electronics/real_and_reactive_power.py)
   * [Resistor Equivalence](electronics/resistor_equivalence.py)
   * [Resonant Frequency](electronics/resonant_frequency.py)
 
@@ -358,6 +363,7 @@
 ## Financial
   * [Equated Monthly Installments](financial/equated_monthly_installments.py)
   * [Interest](financial/interest.py)
+  * [Present Value](financial/present_value.py)
   * [Price Plus Tax](financial/price_plus_tax.py)
 
 ## Fractals
@@ -443,6 +449,7 @@
 ## Greedy Methods
   * [Fractional Knapsack](greedy_methods/fractional_knapsack.py)
   * [Fractional Knapsack 2](greedy_methods/fractional_knapsack_2.py)
+  * [Minimum Waiting Time](greedy_methods/minimum_waiting_time.py)
   * [Optimal Merge Pattern](greedy_methods/optimal_merge_pattern.py)
 
 ## Hashes
@@ -481,6 +488,7 @@
   * [Astar](machine_learning/astar.py)
   * [Data Transformations](machine_learning/data_transformations.py)
   * [Decision Tree](machine_learning/decision_tree.py)
+  * [Dimensionality Reduction](machine_learning/dimensionality_reduction.py)
   * Forecasting
     * [Run](machine_learning/forecasting/run.py)
   * [Gradient Descent](machine_learning/gradient_descent.py)
@@ -542,6 +550,7 @@
   * [Dodecahedron](maths/dodecahedron.py)
   * [Double Factorial Iterative](maths/double_factorial_iterative.py)
   * [Double Factorial Recursive](maths/double_factorial_recursive.py)
+  * [Dual Number Automatic Differentiation](maths/dual_number_automatic_differentiation.py)
   * [Entropy](maths/entropy.py)
   * [Euclidean Distance](maths/euclidean_distance.py)
   * [Euclidean Gcd](maths/euclidean_gcd.py)
@@ -569,6 +578,7 @@
   * [Hardy Ramanujanalgo](maths/hardy_ramanujanalgo.py)
   * [Hexagonal Number](maths/hexagonal_number.py)
   * [Integration By Simpson Approx](maths/integration_by_simpson_approx.py)
+  * [Is Int Palindrome](maths/is_int_palindrome.py)
   * [Is Ip V4 Address Valid](maths/is_ip_v4_address_valid.py)
   * [Is Square Free](maths/is_square_free.py)
   * [Jaccard Similarity](maths/jaccard_similarity.py)
@@ -598,10 +608,12 @@
   * [Newton Raphson](maths/newton_raphson.py)
   * [Number Of Digits](maths/number_of_digits.py)
   * [Numerical Integration](maths/numerical_integration.py)
+  * [Odd Sieve](maths/odd_sieve.py)
   * [Perfect Cube](maths/perfect_cube.py)
   * [Perfect Number](maths/perfect_number.py)
   * [Perfect Square](maths/perfect_square.py)
   * [Persistence](maths/persistence.py)
+  * [Pi Generator](maths/pi_generator.py)
   * [Pi Monte Carlo Estimation](maths/pi_monte_carlo_estimation.py)
   * [Points Are Collinear 3D](maths/points_are_collinear_3d.py)
   * [Pollard Rho](maths/pollard_rho.py)
@@ -623,6 +635,7 @@
   * [Radians](maths/radians.py)
   * [Radix2 Fft](maths/radix2_fft.py)
   * [Relu](maths/relu.py)
+  * [Remove Digit](maths/remove_digit.py)
   * [Runge Kutta](maths/runge_kutta.py)
   * [Segmented Sieve](maths/segmented_sieve.py)
   * Series
@@ -648,6 +661,7 @@
   * [Sum Of Harmonic Series](maths/sum_of_harmonic_series.py)
   * [Sumset](maths/sumset.py)
   * [Sylvester Sequence](maths/sylvester_sequence.py)
+  * [Tanh](maths/tanh.py)
   * [Test Prime Check](maths/test_prime_check.py)
   * [Trapezoidal Rule](maths/trapezoidal_rule.py)
   * [Triplet Sum](maths/triplet_sum.py)
@@ -684,6 +698,8 @@
 
 ## Neural Network
   * [2 Hidden Layers Neural Network](neural_network/2_hidden_layers_neural_network.py)
+  * Activation Functions
+    * [Exponential Linear Unit](neural_network/activation_functions/exponential_linear_unit.py)
   * [Back Propagation Neural Network](neural_network/back_propagation_neural_network.py)
   * [Convolution Neural Network](neural_network/convolution_neural_network.py)
   * [Input Data](neural_network/input_data.py)
@@ -700,12 +716,15 @@
   * [Gauss Easter](other/gauss_easter.py)
   * [Graham Scan](other/graham_scan.py)
   * [Greedy](other/greedy.py)
+  * [Guess The Number Search](other/guess_the_number_search.py)
+  * [H Index](other/h_index.py)
   * [Least Recently Used](other/least_recently_used.py)
   * [Lfu Cache](other/lfu_cache.py)
   * [Linear Congruential Generator](other/linear_congruential_generator.py)
   * [Lru Cache](other/lru_cache.py)
   * [Magicdiamondpattern](other/magicdiamondpattern.py)
   * [Maximum Subarray](other/maximum_subarray.py)
+  * [Maximum Subsequence](other/maximum_subsequence.py)
   * [Nested Brackets](other/nested_brackets.py)
   * [Password](other/password.py)
   * [Quine](other/quine.py)
@@ -922,6 +941,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_077/sol1.py)
   * Problem 078
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_078/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 079
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_079/sol1.py)
   * Problem 080
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_080/sol1.py)
   * Problem 081
@@ -1033,6 +1054,7 @@
   * [Q Fourier Transform](quantum/q_fourier_transform.py)
   * [Q Full Adder](quantum/q_full_adder.py)
   * [Quantum Entanglement](quantum/quantum_entanglement.py)
+  * [Quantum Random](quantum/quantum_random.py)
   * [Quantum Teleportation](quantum/quantum_teleportation.py)
   * [Ripple Adder Classic](quantum/ripple_adder_classic.py)
   * [Single Qubit Measure](quantum/single_qubit_measure.py)
@@ -1066,6 +1088,7 @@
 
 ## Sorts
   * [Bead Sort](sorts/bead_sort.py)
+  * [Binary Insertion Sort](sorts/binary_insertion_sort.py)
   * [Bitonic Sort](sorts/bitonic_sort.py)
   * [Bogo Sort](sorts/bogo_sort.py)
   * [Bubble Sort](sorts/bubble_sort.py)
@@ -1134,7 +1157,6 @@
   * [Indian Phone Validator](strings/indian_phone_validator.py)
   * [Is Contains Unique Chars](strings/is_contains_unique_chars.py)
   * [Is Isogram](strings/is_isogram.py)
-  * [Is Palindrome](strings/is_palindrome.py)
   * [Is Pangram](strings/is_pangram.py)
   * [Is Spain National Id](strings/is_spain_national_id.py)
   * [Is Srilankan Phone Number](strings/is_srilankan_phone_number.py)
@@ -1156,7 +1178,9 @@
   * [Reverse Words](strings/reverse_words.py)
   * [Snake Case To Camel Pascal Case](strings/snake_case_to_camel_pascal_case.py)
   * [Split](strings/split.py)
+  * [String Switch Case](strings/string_switch_case.py)
   * [Text Justification](strings/text_justification.py)
+  * [Top K Frequent Words](strings/top_k_frequent_words.py)
   * [Upper](strings/upper.py)
   * [Wave](strings/wave.py)
   * [Wildcard Pattern Matching](strings/wildcard_pattern_matching.py)
@@ -1176,7 +1200,6 @@
   * [Daily Horoscope](web_programming/daily_horoscope.py)
   * [Download Images From Google Query](web_programming/download_images_from_google_query.py)
   * [Emails From Url](web_programming/emails_from_url.py)
-  * [Fetch Anime And Play](web_programming/fetch_anime_and_play.py)
   * [Fetch Bbc News](web_programming/fetch_bbc_news.py)
   * [Fetch Github Info](web_programming/fetch_github_info.py)
   * [Fetch Jobs](web_programming/fetch_jobs.py)

Diff for: arithmetic_analysis/jacobi_iteration_method.py

@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@ def jacobi_iteration_method(
     >>> constant = np.array([[2], [-6]])
     >>> init_val = [0.5, -0.5, -0.5]
     >>> iterations = 3
-    >>> jacobi_iteration_method(coefficient, constant, init_val, iterations)
+    >>> jacobi_iteration_method(
+    ...     coefficient, constant, init_val, iterations
+    ... )  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
     ValueError: Coefficient and constant matrices dimensions must be nxn and nx1 but
@@ -59,7 +61,9 @@ def jacobi_iteration_method(
     >>> constant = np.array([[2], [-6], [-4]])
     >>> init_val = [0.5, -0.5]
     >>> iterations = 3
-    >>> jacobi_iteration_method(coefficient, constant, init_val, iterations)
+    >>> jacobi_iteration_method(
+    ...     coefficient, constant, init_val, iterations
+    ... )  # doctest: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
     Traceback (most recent call last):
         ...
     ValueError: Number of initial values must be equal to number of rows in coefficient
@@ -79,24 +83,26 @@ def jacobi_iteration_method(
     rows2, cols2 = constant_matrix.shape
 
     if rows1 != cols1:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"Coefficient matrix dimensions must be nxn but received {rows1}x{cols1}"
-        )
+        msg = f"Coefficient matrix dimensions must be nxn but received {rows1}x{cols1}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     if cols2 != 1:
-        raise ValueError(f"Constant matrix must be nx1 but received {rows2}x{cols2}")
+        msg = f"Constant matrix must be nx1 but received {rows2}x{cols2}"
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     if rows1 != rows2:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"""Coefficient and constant matrices dimensions must be nxn and nx1 but
-            received {rows1}x{cols1} and {rows2}x{cols2}"""
+        msg = (
+            "Coefficient and constant matrices dimensions must be nxn and nx1 but "
+            f"received {rows1}x{cols1} and {rows2}x{cols2}"
         )
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     if len(init_val) != rows1:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"""Number of initial values must be equal to number of rows in coefficient
-            matrix but received {len(init_val)} and {rows1}"""
+        msg = (
+            "Number of initial values must be equal to number of rows in coefficient "
+            f"matrix but received {len(init_val)} and {rows1}"
         )
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     if iterations <= 0:
         raise ValueError("Iterations must be at least 1")

Diff for: arithmetic_analysis/lu_decomposition.py

@@ -80,10 +80,11 @@ def lower_upper_decomposition(table: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray
     # Ensure that table is a square array
     rows, columns = np.shape(table)
     if rows != columns:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"'table' has to be of square shaped array but got a "
+        msg = (
+            "'table' has to be of square shaped array but got a "
             f"{rows}x{columns} array:\n{table}"
         )
+        raise ValueError(msg)
 
     lower = np.zeros((rows, columns))
     upper = np.zeros((rows, columns))

Diff for: audio_filters/iir_filter.py

@@ -50,16 +50,18 @@ def set_coefficients(self, a_coeffs: list[float], b_coeffs: list[float]) -> None
             a_coeffs = [1.0, *a_coeffs]
 
         if len(a_coeffs) != self.order + 1:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Expected a_coeffs to have {self.order + 1} elements for {self.order}"
-                f"-order filter, got {len(a_coeffs)}"
+            msg = (
+                f"Expected a_coeffs to have {self.order + 1} elements "
+                f"for {self.order}-order filter, got {len(a_coeffs)}"
             )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
 
         if len(b_coeffs) != self.order + 1:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Expected b_coeffs to have {self.order + 1} elements for {self.order}"
-                f"-order filter, got {len(a_coeffs)}"
+            msg = (
+                f"Expected b_coeffs to have {self.order + 1} elements "
+                f"for {self.order}-order filter, got {len(a_coeffs)}"
             )
+            raise ValueError(msg)
 
         self.a_coeffs = a_coeffs
         self.b_coeffs = b_coeffs

Diff for: backtracking/knight_tour.py

@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@ def open_knight_tour(n: int) -> list[list[int]]:
                 return board
             board[i][j] = 0
 
-    raise ValueError(f"Open Kight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size {n}")
+    msg = f"Open Kight Tour cannot be performed on a board of size {n}"
+    raise ValueError(msg)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

Diff for: bit_manipulation/reverse_bits.py

@@ -14,10 +14,11 @@ def get_reverse_bit_string(number: int) -> str:
     TypeError: operation can not be conducted on a object of type str
     """
     if not isinstance(number, int):
-        raise TypeError(
+        msg = (
             "operation can not be conducted on a object of type "
             f"{type(number).__name__}"
         )
+        raise TypeError(msg)
     bit_string = ""
     for _ in range(0, 32):
         bit_string += str(number % 2)

Diff for: boolean_algebra/and_gate.py

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ def test_and_gate() -> None:
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    test_and_gate()
+    print(and_gate(1, 0))
     print(and_gate(0, 0))
     print(and_gate(0, 1))
     print(and_gate(1, 1))

Diff for: cellular_automata/game_of_life.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
 from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap
 
-usage_doc = "Usage of script: script_nama <size_of_canvas:int>"
+usage_doc = "Usage of script: script_name <size_of_canvas:int>"
 
 choice = [0] * 100 + [1] * 10
 random.shuffle(choice)

Diff for: ciphers/base64.py

@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@ def base64_encode(data: bytes) -> bytes:
     """
     # Make sure the supplied data is a bytes-like object
     if not isinstance(data, bytes):
-        raise TypeError(
-            f"a bytes-like object is required, not '{data.__class__.__name__}'"
-        )
+        msg = f"a bytes-like object is required, not '{data.__class__.__name__}'"
+        raise TypeError(msg)
 
     binary_stream = "".join(bin(byte)[2:].zfill(8) for byte in data)
 
@@ -88,10 +87,11 @@ def base64_decode(encoded_data: str) -> bytes:
     """
     # Make sure encoded_data is either a string or a bytes-like object
     if not isinstance(encoded_data, bytes) and not isinstance(encoded_data, str):
-        raise TypeError(
-            "argument should be a bytes-like object or ASCII string, not "
-            f"'{encoded_data.__class__.__name__}'"
+        msg = (
+            "argument should be a bytes-like object or ASCII string, "
+            f"not '{encoded_data.__class__.__name__}'"
         )
+        raise TypeError(msg)
 
     # In case encoded_data is a bytes-like object, make sure it contains only
     # ASCII characters so we convert it to a string object

Diff for: ciphers/beaufort_cipher.py

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from string import ascii_uppercase
 
 dict1 = {char: i for i, char in enumerate(ascii_uppercase)}
-dict2 = {i: char for i, char in enumerate(ascii_uppercase)}
+dict2 = dict(enumerate(ascii_uppercase))
 
 
 # This function generates the key in