Add PID controller implementation

Author: TahmidSwad

control_algorithms/pid.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+"""
+A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is a control loop mechanism that calculates an error
+value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable.
+
+It applies proportional, integral, and derivative corrections to minimize the error over time.
+
+Refer - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller
+"""
+
+
+class pid:
+
+    def __init__(self, Kp: float, Ki: float, Kd: float, setpoint: float = 0):
+        """
+        Initialize the PID controller.
+
+        :param Kp: Proportional gain
+        :param Ki: Integral gain
+        :param Kd: Derivative gain
+        :param setpoint: Desired target value
+        """
+        self.Kp = Kp
+        self.Ki = Ki
+        self.Kd = Kd
+        self.setpoint = setpoint
+
+        self.integral = 0
+        self.previous_error = 0
+
+    def compute(self, measured_value: float, dt: float) -> float:
+        """
+        Compute the control signal based on the error.
+
+        :param measured_value: The current process variable
+        :param dt: Time difference since the last update
+        :return: Control output
+        """
+        error = self.setpoint - measured_value
+        self.integral += error * dt if error != 0 else 0
+        derivative = (error - self.previous_error) / dt if dt > 0 else 0
+
+        output = (self.Kp * error) + (self.Ki * self.integral) + (self.Kd * derivative)
+        self.previous_error = error
+        return output
+
+    def reset(self):
+        """Reset the integral and previous error values."""
+        self.integral = 0
+        self.previous_error = 0
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()