Added the algorithm to compute the time period of a simple pendulum

Author: pluto-tofu

Diff for: physics/time_period_simple_pendulum.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""
+Title : Computing the time period of a simple pendulum
+
+A simple pendulum is a mechanical arrangement that demonstrates
+periodic motion. The simple pendulum comprises of a small bob of mass 'm'
+suspended by a thin string secured to a platform at its upper end of
+length L.
+
+The simple pendulum is a mechanical system that sways or moves in an
+oscillatory motion. This motion occurs in a vertical plane and is mainly
+driven by gravitational force. Interestingly, the bob that is suspended at
+the end of a thread is very light; somewhat, we can say it is even
+massless. The period of a simple pendulum can be made extended by
+increasing the length string while taking the measurements from the point
+of suspension to the middle of the bob. However, it should be noted that if
+the mass of the bob is changed, the period will remain unchanged. The
+period is influenced mainly by the position of the pendulum in relation to
+Earth, as the strength of the gravitational field is not uniform everywhere.
+
+The Time Period of a simple pendulum is given by :
+
+T = 2 * π * (l/g)^0.5
+
+where :
+
+T = Time period of the simple pendulum (in s)
+π = Mathematical constant (value taken : 3.14159)
+l = length of string from which the bob is hanging (in m)
+g = Acceleration due to gravity (value taken : 9.8 m/s^2)
+
+Reference : https://byjus.com/jee/simple-pendulum/
+"""
+
+
+def time_period_simple_pendulum(length: float) -> float:
+    """
+    >>> time_period_simple_pendulum(1.23)
+    2.2259685262423705
+    >>> time_period_simple_pendulum(2.37)
+    3.089873051721361
+    >>> time_period_simple_pendulum(5.63)
+    4.762342885477521
+    >>> time_period_simple_pendulum(-12)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: The length should be non-negative
+    >>> time_period_simple_pendulum(0)
+    0.0
+    """
+    if length < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The length should be non-negative")
+    return (2 * 3.14159) * (length / 9.8) ** 0.5
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()