Merge branch 'TheAlgorithms:master' into master

Author: MaximSmolskiy

Diff for: .flake8

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pulls:
   closeComment: >
     Please reopen this pull request once you commit the changes requested
     or make improvements on the code. If this is not the case and you need
-    some help, feel free to seek help from our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms)
+    some help, feel free to seek help from our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community)
     or ping one of the reviewers. Thank you for your contributions!
 
 issues:
@@ -59,5 +59,5 @@ issues:
   closeComment: >
     Please reopen this issue once you add more information and updates here.
     If this is not the case and you need some help, feel free to seek help
-    from our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms) or ping one of the
+    from our [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community) or ping one of the
     reviewers. Thank you for your contributions!

Diff for: .github/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# https://beta.ruff.rs
+name: ruff
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+jobs:
+  ruff:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - run: pip install --user ruff
+    - run: ruff --format=github .

Diff for: .github/workflows/ruff.yml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v4.4.0
     hooks:
       - id: check-executables-have-shebangs
+      - id: check-toml
       - id: check-yaml
       - id: end-of-file-fixer
         types: [python]
@@ -14,60 +15,41 @@ repos:
     hooks:
     -   id: auto-walrus
 
+  - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
+    rev: v0.0.259
+    hooks:
+      - id: ruff
+
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
     rev: 23.1.0
     hooks:
       - id: black
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
-    rev: 5.12.0
+  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
+    rev: v2.2.4
     hooks:
-      - id: isort
-        args:
-          - --profile=black
+      - id: codespell
+        additional_dependencies:
+          - tomli
 
   - repo: https://github.com/tox-dev/pyproject-fmt
     rev: "0.9.2"
     hooks:
       - id: pyproject-fmt
 
+  - repo: local
+    hooks:
+      - id: validate-filenames
+        name: Validate filenames
+        entry: ./scripts/validate_filenames.py
+        language: script
+        pass_filenames: false
+
   - repo: https://github.com/abravalheri/validate-pyproject
     rev: v0.12.1
     hooks:
       - id: validate-pyproject
 
-  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.3.1
-    hooks:
-      - id: pyupgrade
-        args:
-          - --py311-plus
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/charliermarsh/ruff-pre-commit
-    rev: v0.0.255
-    hooks:
-      - id: ruff
-        args:
-          - --ignore=E741
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8
-    rev: 6.0.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: flake8 # See .flake8 for args
-        additional_dependencies: &flake8-plugins
-          - flake8-bugbear
-          - flake8-builtins
-          # - flake8-broken-line
-          - flake8-comprehensions
-          - pep8-naming
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/asottile/yesqa
-    rev: v1.4.0
-    hooks:
-      - id: yesqa
-        additional_dependencies:
-          *flake8-plugins
-
   - repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
     rev: v1.1.1
     hooks:
@@ -77,25 +59,3 @@ repos:
           - --install-types # See mirrors-mypy README.md
           - --non-interactive
         additional_dependencies: [types-requests]
-
-  - repo: https://github.com/codespell-project/codespell
-    rev: v2.2.4
-    hooks:
-      - id: codespell
-        args:
-          - --ignore-words-list=3rt,ans,crate,damon,fo,followings,hist,iff,kwanza,mater,secant,som,sur,tim,zar
-        exclude: |
-          (?x)^(
-              ciphers/prehistoric_men.txt |
-              strings/dictionary.txt |
-              strings/words.txt |
-              project_euler/problem_022/p022_names.txt
-          )$
-
-  - repo: local
-    hooks:
-      - id: validate-filenames
-        name: Validate filenames
-        entry: ./scripts/validate_filenames.py
-        language: script
-        pass_filenames: false

Diff for: .pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Before contributing
 
-Welcome to [TheAlgorithms/Python](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python)! Before sending your pull requests, make sure that you __read the whole guidelines__. If you have any doubt on the contributing guide, please feel free to [state it clearly in an issue](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/issues/new) or ask the community in [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms).
+Welcome to [TheAlgorithms/Python](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python)! Before sending your pull requests, make sure that you __read the whole guidelines__. If you have any doubt on the contributing guide, please feel free to [state it clearly in an issue](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python/issues/new) or ask the community in [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community).
 
 ## Contributing
 
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@ We want your work to be readable by others; therefore, we encourage you to note
   black .
   ```
 
-- All submissions will need to pass the test `flake8 . --ignore=E203,W503 --max-line-length=88` before they will be accepted so if possible, try this test locally on your Python file(s) before submitting your pull request.
+- All submissions will need to pass the test `ruff .` before they will be accepted so if possible, try this test locally on your Python file(s) before submitting your pull request.
 
   ```bash
-  python3 -m pip install flake8  # only required the first time
-  flake8 . --ignore=E203,W503  --max-line-length=88 --show-source
+  python3 -m pip install ruff  # only required the first time
+  ruff .
   ```
 
 - Original code submission require docstrings or comments to describe your work.
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ We want your work to be readable by others; therefore, we encourage you to note
 
 - Most importantly,
   - __Be consistent in the use of these guidelines when submitting.__
-  - __Join__ us on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/c7MnfGFGa6) and [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms) __now!__
+  - __Join__ us on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/c7MnfGFGa6) and [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community) __now!__
   - Happy coding!
 
 Writer [@poyea](https://github.com/poyea), Jun 2019.

Diff for: CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -976,6 +976,8 @@
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_125/sol1.py)
   * Problem 129
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_129/sol1.py)
+  * Problem 131
+    * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_131/sol1.py)
   * Problem 135
     * [Sol1](project_euler/problem_135/sol1.py)
   * Problem 144

Diff for: DIRECTORY.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
   <a href="https://discord.gg/c7MnfGFGa6">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/discord/808045925556682782.svg?logo=discord&colorB=7289DA&style=flat-square" height="20" alt="Discord chat">
   </a>
-  <a href="https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms">
+  <a href="https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community">
     <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Chat-Gitter-ff69b4.svg?label=Chat&logo=gitter&style=flat-square" height="20" alt="Gitter chat">
   </a>
   <!-- Second row: -->
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Read through our [Contribution Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) before you contribut
 
 ## Community Channels
 
-We are on [Discord](https://discord.gg/c7MnfGFGa6) and [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms)! Community channels are a great way for you to ask questions and get help. Please join us!
+We are on [Discord](https://discord.gg/c7MnfGFGa6) and [Gitter](https://gitter.im/TheAlgorithms/community)! Community channels are a great way for you to ask questions and get help. Please join us!
 
 ## List of Algorithms
 

Diff for: README.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from decimal import Decimal
-from math import *  # noqa: F401, F403
+from math import *  # noqa: F403
 
 from sympy import diff
 

Diff for: arithmetic_analysis/newton_raphson.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # Newton's Method - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_method
 
 from sympy import diff, lambdify, symbols
-from sympy.functions import *  # noqa: F401, F403
+from sympy.functions import *  # noqa: F403
 
 
 def newton_raphson(

Diff for: arithmetic_analysis/newton_raphson_new.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class EqualLoudnessFilter:
      samplerate, use with caution.
 
     Code based on matlab implementation at https://bit.ly/3eqh2HU
-    (url shortened for flake8)
+    (url shortened for ruff)
 
     Target curve: https://i.imgur.com/3g2VfaM.png
     Yulewalk response: https://i.imgur.com/J9LnJ4C.png

Diff for: audio_filters/equal_loudness_filter.py.broken.txt

@@ -60,19 +60,15 @@ def get_height(self) -> int:
 
     def set_data(self, data: Any) -> None:
         self.data = data
-        return
 
     def set_left(self, node: MyNode | None) -> None:
         self.left = node
-        return
 
     def set_right(self, node: MyNode | None) -> None:
         self.right = node
-        return
 
     def set_height(self, height: int) -> None:
         self.height = height
-        return
 
 
 def get_height(node: MyNode | None) -> int:

Diff for: data_structures/binary_tree/avl_tree.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
-python/black : true
-flake8 : passed
+psf/black : true
+ruff : passed
 """
 from __future__ import annotations
 

Diff for: data_structures/binary_tree/red_black_tree.py

@@ -166,7 +166,6 @@ def test_heap() -> None:
     >>> h.get_top()
     [9, -40]
     """
-    pass
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

Diff for: data_structures/heap/heap_generic.py

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 This algorithm is used in
 https://noivce.pythonanywhere.com/ Python web app.
 
-python/black: True
-flake8 : True
+psf/black: True
+ruff : True
 """
 
 from PIL import Image

Diff for: digital_image_processing/change_contrast.py

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@
 The aim is to demonstate up bottom approach for solving the task.
 The implementation was tested on the
 leetcode: https://leetcode.com/problems/edit-distance/
-"""
 
-"""
 Levinstein distance
 Dynamic Programming: up -> down.
 """
 
+import functools
+
 
 def min_distance_up_bottom(word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
     """
@@ -25,13 +25,10 @@ def min_distance_up_bottom(word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
     >>> min_distance_up_bottom("zooicoarchaeologist", "zoologist")
     10
     """
-
-    from functools import lru_cache
-
     len_word1 = len(word1)
     len_word2 = len(word2)
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def min_distance(index1: int, index2: int) -> int:
         # if first word index is overflow - delete all from the second word
         if index1 >= len_word1:

Diff for: dynamic_programming/min_distance_up_bottom.py

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 Dynamic Programming: up -> down.
 """
 
-from functools import lru_cache
+import functools
 
 
 def mincost_tickets(days: list[int], costs: list[int]) -> int:
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def mincost_tickets(days: list[int], costs: list[int]) -> int:
 
     days_set = set(days)
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def dynamic_programming(index: int) -> int:
         if index > 365:
             return 0

Diff for: dynamic_programming/minimum_tickets_cost.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 Space: O(n)
 """
 
-from functools import lru_cache
+import functools
 from typing import Any
 
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ def word_break(string: str, words: list[str]) -> bool:
     len_string = len(string)
 
     # Dynamic programming method
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def is_breakable(index: int) -> bool:
         """
         >>> string = 'a'

Diff for: dynamic_programming/word_break.py

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 import argparse
 import hashlib  # hashlib is only used inside the Test class
 import struct
-import unittest
 
 
 class SHA1Hash:
@@ -125,17 +124,12 @@ def final_hash(self):
                 self.h[3] + d & 0xFFFFFFFF,
                 self.h[4] + e & 0xFFFFFFFF,
             )
-        return "%08x%08x%08x%08x%08x" % tuple(self.h)
+        return ("{:08x}" * 5).format(*self.h)
 
 
-class SHA1HashTest(unittest.TestCase):
-    """
-    Test class for the SHA1Hash class. Inherits the TestCase class from unittest
-    """
-
-    def testMatchHashes(self):  # noqa: N802
-        msg = bytes("Test String", "utf-8")
-        self.assertEqual(SHA1Hash(msg).final_hash(), hashlib.sha1(msg).hexdigest())
+def test_sha1_hash():
+    msg = b"Test String"
+    assert SHA1Hash(msg).final_hash() == hashlib.sha1(msg).hexdigest()  # noqa: S324
 
 
 def main():

Diff for: hashes/sha1.py

@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ def viz_polymonial():
     plt.xlabel("Position level")
     plt.ylabel("Salary")
     plt.show()
-    return
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":