primeFactors = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PronicNumber.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PronicNumber.java
index 312af21ea2ba..1ae53c4c4429 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PronicNumber.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PronicNumber.java
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@
*
* */
-public class PronicNumber {
+public final class PronicNumber {
+ private PronicNumber() {
+ }
/**
* This method checks if the given number is pronic number or non-pronic number
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PythagoreanTriple.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PythagoreanTriple.java
index 68932c0b76bd..f535e9e6929b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PythagoreanTriple.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/PythagoreanTriple.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
/**
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pythagorean_triple
*/
-public class PythagoreanTriple {
+public final class PythagoreanTriple {
+ private PythagoreanTriple() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert isPythagTriple(3, 4, 5);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/RomanNumeralUtil.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/RomanNumeralUtil.java
index 0caa286231b6..8f5d44dbe146 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/RomanNumeralUtil.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/RomanNumeralUtil.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
* @author Sokratis Fotkatzikis
* @version 1.0
*/
-public class RomanNumeralUtil {
+public final class RomanNumeralUtil {
+ private RomanNumeralUtil() {
+ }
private static final int MIN_VALUE = 1;
private static final int MAX_VALUE = 5999;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareFreeInteger.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareFreeInteger.java
index c988bb70808c..22e9fee00605 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareFreeInteger.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareFreeInteger.java
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
-public class SquareFreeInteger {
+public final class SquareFreeInteger {
+ private SquareFreeInteger() {
+ }
/**
* This method returns whether an integer is square free
*
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod.java
index 2f8fa9a83885..90af556f8e23 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.maths;
-public class SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod {
+public final class SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod {
+ private SquareRootWithBabylonianMethod() {
+ }
/**
* get the value, return the square root
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod.java
index eb116d21ac36..80d185c93785 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod.java
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
* be changed according to the user preference.
*/
-public class SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod {
+public final class SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod {
+ private SquareRootWithNewtonRaphsonMethod() {
+ }
public static double squareRoot(int n) {
double x = n; // initially taking a guess that x = n.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardDeviation.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardDeviation.java
index 84d21f3082f0..29ff070e9cff 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardDeviation.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardDeviation.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.maths;
-public class StandardDeviation {
+public final class StandardDeviation {
+ private StandardDeviation() {
+ }
public static double stdDev(double[] data) {
double var = 0;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardScore.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardScore.java
index dcedf458b09e..22a9f550e114 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardScore.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/StandardScore.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.maths;
-public class StandardScore {
+public final class StandardScore {
+ private StandardScore() {
+ }
public static double zScore(double num, double mean, double stdDev) {
return (num - mean) / stdDev;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TrinomialTriangle.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TrinomialTriangle.java
index 0e2fe9e7a46a..c2a173000a78 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TrinomialTriangle.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TrinomialTriangle.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
*
* Example Input: n = 4 Output 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 6 7 6 3 1
*/
-public class TrinomialTriangle {
+public final class TrinomialTriangle {
+ private TrinomialTriangle() {
+ }
public static int TrinomialValue(int n, int k) {
if (n == 0 && k == 0) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TwinPrime.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TwinPrime.java
index 867a1d23f220..81731376b37a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TwinPrime.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/TwinPrime.java
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
*
* */
-public class TwinPrime {
+public final class TwinPrime {
+ private TwinPrime() {
+ }
/**
* This method returns twin prime of the integer value passed as argument
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/VampireNumber.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/VampireNumber.java
index d9aa4f203550..d64c82c6e68e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/VampireNumber.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/VampireNumber.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
*
*
*/
-public class VampireNumber {
+public final class VampireNumber {
+ private VampireNumber() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
test(10, 1000);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/Volume.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/Volume.java
index edc3575dfda6..4b73f849bb81 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/Volume.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/Volume.java
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
package com.thealgorithms.maths;
/* Calculate the volume of various shapes.*/
-public class Volume {
+public final class Volume {
+ private Volume() {
+ }
/**
* Calculate the volume of a cube.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/matrixexponentiation/Fibonacci.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/matrixexponentiation/Fibonacci.java
index b2e4576b6179..afd34933047a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/matrixexponentiation/Fibonacci.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/matrixexponentiation/Fibonacci.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
* see https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/matrix-exponentiation/
*
*/
-public class Fibonacci {
+public final class Fibonacci {
+ private Fibonacci() {
+ }
// Exponentiation matrix for Fibonacci sequence
private static final int[][] FIB_MATRIX = {{1, 1}, {1, 0}};
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/InverseOfMatrix.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/InverseOfMatrix.java
index 0fb5b6f17b97..5543463e9749 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/InverseOfMatrix.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/InverseOfMatrix.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
*
* We can also find the inverse of a matrix
*/
-public class InverseOfMatrix {
+public final class InverseOfMatrix {
+ private InverseOfMatrix() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] argv) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MapReduce.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MapReduce.java
index baf960f8ecef..c076957344f9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MapReduce.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MapReduce.java
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
* Wikipedia link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MapReduce
*/
-public class MapReduce {
+public final class MapReduce {
+ private MapReduce() {
+ }
/*
*Counting all the words frequency within a sentence.
*/
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MedianOfMatrix.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MedianOfMatrix.java
index 4d8b980f2409..d4ddffe8ddd7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MedianOfMatrix.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/MedianOfMatrix.java
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
*/
public final class MedianOfMatrix {
+ private MedianOfMatrix() {
+ }
public static int median(List> matrix) {
// Flatten the matrix into a 1D list
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/PalindromePrime.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/PalindromePrime.java
index 58de938394af..6b01cdced23c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/PalindromePrime.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/PalindromePrime.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class PalindromePrime {
+public final class PalindromePrime {
+ private PalindromePrime() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) { // Main funtion
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/RangeInSortedArray.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/RangeInSortedArray.java
index f70a443e96e4..0dfc8ac32a6f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/RangeInSortedArray.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/RangeInSortedArray.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Arrays;
-public class RangeInSortedArray {
+public final class RangeInSortedArray {
+ private RangeInSortedArray() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Testcases
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sort012D.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sort012D.java
index a311dac447ed..b51664ce7a5a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sort012D.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sort012D.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
* For more information on the Dutch national flag algorithm refer
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_national_flag_problem
*/
-public class Sort012D {
+public final class Sort012D {
+ private Sort012D() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner np = new Scanner(System.in);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparcity.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparsity.java
similarity index 82%
rename from src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparcity.java
rename to src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparsity.java
index 10b6f58096c3..cae2fbdead94 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparcity.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/Sparsity.java
@@ -11,15 +11,17 @@
* @author Ojasva Jain
*/
-class Sparcity {
+final class Sparsity {
+ private Sparsity() {
+ }
/*
- * @return Sparcity of matrix
+ * @return Sparsity of matrix
*
- * where sparcity = number of zeroes/total elements in matrix
+ * where sparsity = number of zeroes/total elements in matrix
*
*/
- static double sparcity(double[][] mat) {
+ static double sparsity(double[][] mat) {
int zero = 0;
// Traversing the matrix to count number of zeroes
for (int i = 0; i < mat.length; i++) {
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@ static double sparcity(double[][] mat) {
}
}
}
- // return sparcity
+ // return sparsity
return ((double) zero / (mat.length * mat[1].length));
}
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ public static void main(String[] args) {
mat[i][j] = in.nextDouble();
}
}
- System.out.println("Sparcity of matrix is: " + sparcity(mat));
+ System.out.println("Sparsity of matrix is: " + sparsity(mat));
in.close();
}
}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/WordBoggle.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/WordBoggle.java
index b56b907de935..3eb0dc95ffb5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/WordBoggle.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/WordBoggle.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
-public class WordBoggle {
+public final class WordBoggle {
+ private WordBoggle() {
+ }
/**
* O(nm * 8^s + ws) time where n = width of boggle board, m = height of
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/matrixTranspose.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/matrixTranspose.java
index b5ad02184a00..bf81675af641 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/matrixTranspose.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/matrixTranspose.java
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@
* @version 11.0.9
* @since 2014-03-31
*/
-public class matrixTranspose {
+public final class matrixTranspose {
+ private matrixTranspose() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayLeftRotation.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayLeftRotation.java
index 4ee54bbdacf8..f43841f1f184 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayLeftRotation.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayLeftRotation.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
* @author sangin-lee
*/
-public class ArrayLeftRotation {
+public final class ArrayLeftRotation {
+ private ArrayLeftRotation() {
+ }
/*
* Returns the result of left rotation of given array arr and integer n
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BFPRT.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BFPRT.java
index 29f47cd68ed6..9e6fe6a3fbcc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BFPRT.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BFPRT.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
/**
* BFPRT algorithm.
*/
-public class BFPRT {
+public final class BFPRT {
+ private BFPRT() {
+ }
public static int[] getMinKNumsByBFPRT(int[] arr, int k) {
if (k < 1 || k > arr.length) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BankersAlgorithm.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BankersAlgorithm.java
index 3fbb4f9fda68..fb699d89c379 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BankersAlgorithm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BankersAlgorithm.java
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class BankersAlgorithm {
+public final class BankersAlgorithm {
+ private BankersAlgorithm() {
+ }
/**
* This method finds the need of each process
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BrianKernighanAlgorithm.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BrianKernighanAlgorithm.java
index a1983feccb2e..b70fffe82c5b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BrianKernighanAlgorithm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/BrianKernighanAlgorithm.java
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
*
* Time Complexity: O(logn)
*/
-public class BrianKernighanAlgorithm {
+public final class BrianKernighanAlgorithm {
+ private BrianKernighanAlgorithm() {
+ }
/**
* @param num: number in which we count the set bits
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16.java
index c5c3b1f35a7d..85e5cd2c13ae 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
/**
* Generates a crc16 checksum for a given string
*/
-public class CRC16 {
+public final class CRC16 {
+ private CRC16() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(crc16("Hello World!"));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC32.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC32.java
index 561a33f4dae9..180936ed46c1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC32.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC32.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
/**
* Generates a crc32 checksum for a given string or byte array
*/
-public class CRC32 {
+public final class CRC32 {
+ private CRC32() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(crc32("Hello World")));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Conway.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Conway.java
index 4ae4d7418fb4..ab39890c9ece 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Conway.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Conway.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
-public class Conway {
+public final class Conway {
+ private Conway() {
+ }
/*
* This class will generate the conway sequence also known as the look and say sequence.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CountChar.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CountChar.java
index 5a78c0c17412..99441b83993d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CountChar.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CountChar.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.others;
-public class CountChar {
+public final class CountChar {
+ private CountChar() {
+ }
/**
* Count non space character in string
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Damm.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Damm.java
index a32ae246a2ec..55a4c5b81a89 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Damm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Damm.java
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
* @see Wiki. Damm
* algorithm
*/
-public class Damm {
+public final class Damm {
+ private Damm() {
+ }
/**
* Weakly totally anti-symmetric quasigroup of order 10. This table is not
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Dijkstra.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Dijkstra.java
index 172e151f79a2..56fc32a96259 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Dijkstra.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Dijkstra.java
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
import java.util.NavigableSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
-public class Dijkstra {
+public final class Dijkstra {
+ private Dijkstra() {
+ }
private static final Graph.Edge[] GRAPH = {
// Distance from node "a" to node "b" is 7.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FibbonaciSeries.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FibbonaciSeries.java
index 103e943743c7..bb1500e5cdc1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FibbonaciSeries.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FibbonaciSeries.java
@@ -15,7 +15,9 @@
* Problem Statement: print all Fibonacci numbers that are smaller than your
* given input N
*/
-public class FibbonaciSeries {
+public final class FibbonaciSeries {
+ private FibbonaciSeries() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Get input from the user
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FloydTriangle.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FloydTriangle.java
index d25ab303e3ed..9e8879838e38 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FloydTriangle.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/FloydTriangle.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-class FloydTriangle {
+final class FloydTriangle {
+ private FloydTriangle() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/GuassLegendre.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/GuassLegendre.java
index 8b15739a6d91..5d2d585d19f5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/GuassLegendre.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/GuassLegendre.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
*
* @author AKS1996
*/
-public class GuassLegendre {
+public final class GuassLegendre {
+ private GuassLegendre() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; ++i) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/HappyNumbersSeq.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/HappyNumbersSeq.java
index 57ff204c39b1..0ae1e451bc6a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/HappyNumbersSeq.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/HappyNumbersSeq.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;
-public class HappyNumbersSeq {
+public final class HappyNumbersSeq {
+ private HappyNumbersSeq() {
+ }
private static final Set CYCLE_NUMS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(4, 16, 20, 37, 58, 145));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Huffman.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Huffman.java
index cc8c8d09864f..4fdee5d5e70e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Huffman.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Huffman.java
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ public int compare(HuffmanNode x, HuffmanNode y) {
}
}
-public class Huffman {
+public final class Huffman {
+ private Huffman() {
+ }
// recursive function to print the
// huffman-code through the tree traversal.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/InsertDeleteInArray.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/InsertDeleteInArray.java
index d394ae102130..e4a9cbba45de 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/InsertDeleteInArray.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/InsertDeleteInArray.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class InsertDeleteInArray {
+public final class InsertDeleteInArray {
+ private InsertDeleteInArray() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
try (Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in)) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KMP.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KMP.java
index 7fb5645a2726..1caa6b63cddc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KMP.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KMP.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
* Implementation of Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm Usage: see the main function
* for an example
*/
-public class KMP {
+public final class KMP {
+ private KMP() {
+ }
// a working example
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KochSnowflake.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KochSnowflake.java
index a87eedebee73..1762d6cfac0f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KochSnowflake.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/KochSnowflake.java
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
* https://natureofcode.com/book/chapter-8-fractals/
* #84-the-koch-curve-and-the-arraylist-technique ).
*/
-public class KochSnowflake {
+public final class KochSnowflake {
+ private KochSnowflake() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test Iterate-method
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Krishnamurthy.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Krishnamurthy.java
index 1f7cd121933f..465d7e9c4265 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Krishnamurthy.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Krishnamurthy.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-class Krishnamurthy {
+final class Krishnamurthy {
+ private Krishnamurthy() {
+ }
static int fact(int n) {
int i, p = 1;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/LineSweep.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/LineSweep.java
index 9aa0f6faa8e6..cb7f5214b0dc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/LineSweep.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/LineSweep.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweep_line_algorithm
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Morgan%27s_laws>
*/
-public class LineSweep {
+public final class LineSweep {
+ private LineSweep() {
+ }
/**
* Find Maximum end point
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Luhn.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Luhn.java
index fd5433ca7b65..600128a7725b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Luhn.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Luhn.java
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
*
* @see Wiki
*/
-public class Luhn {
+public final class Luhn {
+ private Luhn() {
+ }
/**
* Check input digits array by Luhn algorithm. Initial array doesn't change
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Mandelbrot.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Mandelbrot.java
index 15618495646f..6d7588090ba8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Mandelbrot.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Mandelbrot.java
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
* also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plotting_algorithms_for_the_Mandelbrot_set
* )
*/
-public class Mandelbrot {
+public final class Mandelbrot {
+ private Mandelbrot() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test black and white
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK.java
index 3056f14dacfc..0bafc435aa75 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
* items from the end of the window are removed from consideration while new items from the stream take their place.
* @author Swarga-codes (https://github.com/Swarga-codes)
*/
-public class MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK {
+public final class MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK {
+ private MaximumSumOfDistinctSubarraysWithLengthK() {
+ }
/*
* Returns the maximum sum of subarray of size K consisting of distinct
* elements.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PasswordGen.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PasswordGen.java
index c079d1cbebd2..f982848a5c1a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PasswordGen.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PasswordGen.java
@@ -11,11 +11,8 @@
* @author AKS1996
* @date 2017.10.25
*/
-class PasswordGen {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- String password = generatePassword(8, 16);
- System.out.print("Password: " + password);
+final class PasswordGen {
+ private PasswordGen() {
}
static String generatePassword(int min_length, int max_length) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PerlinNoise.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PerlinNoise.java
index 2f774e16ba90..e6551ed6b9ee 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PerlinNoise.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/PerlinNoise.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
* For detailed info and implementation see: Perlin-Noise
*/
-public class PerlinNoise {
+public final class PerlinNoise {
+ private PerlinNoise() {
+ }
/**
* @param width width of noise array
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/QueueUsingTwoStacks.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/QueueUsingTwoStacks.java
index 2499d9373354..259e108a354d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/QueueUsingTwoStacks.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/QueueUsingTwoStacks.java
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ public boolean isOutStackEmpty() {
*
* @author sahilb2 (https://www.github.com/sahilb2)
*/
-public class QueueUsingTwoStacks {
+public final class QueueUsingTwoStacks {
+ private QueueUsingTwoStacks() {
+ }
/**
* Main method
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RabinKarp.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RabinKarp.java
index 6358ce4aaaba..8188a1a702d0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RabinKarp.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RabinKarp.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
// An implementation of Rabin-Karp string matching algorithm
// Program will simply end if there is no match
-public class RabinKarp {
+public final class RabinKarp {
+ private RabinKarp() {
+ }
public static Scanner SCANNER = null;
public static final int ALPHABET_SIZE = 256;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java
index 5e4662b0b052..695a10648b6c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
/**
* @author Varun Upadhyay (https://github.com/varunu28)
*/
-public class RemoveDuplicateFromString {
+public final class RemoveDuplicateFromString {
+ private RemoveDuplicateFromString() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReturnSubsequence.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReturnSubsequence.java
index 0d8cbea0d3b3..cf2f091a102f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReturnSubsequence.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReturnSubsequence.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class ReturnSubsequence {
+public final class ReturnSubsequence {
+ private ReturnSubsequence() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Enter String: ");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursion.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursion.java
index 7c0fe0b2c6f6..2c26f8eae4dc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursion.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursion.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
/* Program to reverse a Stack using Recursion*/
import java.util.Stack;
-public class ReverseStackUsingRecursion {
+public final class ReverseStackUsingRecursion {
+ private ReverseStackUsingRecursion() {
+ }
// Stack
private static Stack stack = new Stack<>();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RootPrecision.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RootPrecision.java
index e22db1b99931..a804f8f69db4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RootPrecision.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RootPrecision.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class RootPrecision {
+public final class RootPrecision {
+ private RootPrecision() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
// take input
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatriceBy90Degree.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatrixBy90Degrees.java
similarity index 92%
rename from src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatriceBy90Degree.java
rename to src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatrixBy90Degrees.java
index c9ebc45483aa..081b0d16dce8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatriceBy90Degree.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatrixBy90Degrees.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
-class Rotate_by_90_degree {
+class Rotate_by_90_degrees {
+ private Rotate_by_90_degrees() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
@@ -41,7 +43,9 @@ static void printMatrix(int[][] arr) {
/**
* Class containing the algo to roate matrix by 90 degree
*/
-class Rotate {
+final class Rotate {
+ private Rotate() {
+ }
static void rotate(int[][] a) {
int n = a.length;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/StringMatchFiniteAutomata.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/StringMatchFiniteAutomata.java
index fa3869bc5d2e..15148de176b1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/StringMatchFiniteAutomata.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/StringMatchFiniteAutomata.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
// An implementaion of string matching using finite automata
-public class StringMatchFiniteAutomata {
+public final class StringMatchFiniteAutomata {
+ private StringMatchFiniteAutomata() {
+ }
public static final int CHARS = 256;
public static int[][] FA;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Sudoku.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Sudoku.java
index d2bc1d5c7add..d27a1648b743 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Sudoku.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Sudoku.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.others;
-class Sudoku {
+final class Sudoku {
+ private Sudoku() {
+ }
public static boolean isSafe(int[][] board, int row, int col, int num) {
// Row has the unique (row-clash)
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TopKWords.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TopKWords.java
index bb84d3f767e3..4e30bbb4bdaa 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TopKWords.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TopKWords.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
/* display the most frequent K words in the file and the times it appear
in the file – shown in order (ignore case and periods) */
-public class TopKWords {
+public final class TopKWords {
+ private TopKWords() {
+ }
static class CountWords {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TowerOfHanoi.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TowerOfHanoi.java
index c0fb4d75f84d..8969c002cb22 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TowerOfHanoi.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TowerOfHanoi.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-class TowerOfHanoi {
+final class TowerOfHanoi {
+ private TowerOfHanoi() {
+ }
public static void shift(int n, String startPole, String intermediatePole, String endPole) {
// if n becomes zero the program returns thus ending the loop.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointers.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointers.java
index de44354a6602..01391ec72e78 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointers.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointers.java
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
*
* link: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/two-pointers-technique/
*/
-class TwoPointers {
+final class TwoPointers {
+ private TwoPointers() {
+ }
/**
* Given a sorted array arr (sorted in ascending order). Find if there
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Verhoeff.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Verhoeff.java
index 2144f373e2a4..9088612aaa43 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Verhoeff.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/Verhoeff.java
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
* @see Wiki.
* Verhoeff algorithm
*/
-public class Verhoeff {
+public final class Verhoeff {
+ private Verhoeff() {
+ }
/**
* Table {@code d}. Based on multiplication in the dihedral group D5 and is
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java
index f4ab56636266..9bcd5df81056 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ class Process {
}
}
-public class PreemptivePriorityScheduling {
+public final class PreemptivePriorityScheduling {
+ private PreemptivePriorityScheduling() {
+ }
public static List preemptivePriorityScheduling(List processes) {
List ganttChart = new ArrayList<>();
PriorityQueue readyQueue = new PriorityQueue<>(Comparator.comparingInt(p -> - p.priority));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearch2dArray.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearch2dArray.java
index e4c0cf9d06a2..164f906a38b8 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearch2dArray.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearch2dArray.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
above it will also be smaller than the target), else that element is greater than the target, then
the rows below it are ignored.
*/
-public class BinarySearch2dArray {
+public final class BinarySearch2dArray {
+ private BinarySearch2dArray() {
+ }
static int[] BinarySearch(int[][] arr, int target) {
int rowCount = arr.length, colCount = arr[0].length;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/HowManyTimesRotated.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/HowManyTimesRotated.java
index 350a3a6fede1..8e601f9873b3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/HowManyTimesRotated.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/HowManyTimesRotated.java
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@ at the rotated array, to identify the minimum element (say a[i]), we observe tha
1. [1,2,3,4] Number of rotations: 0 or 4(Both valid)
2. [15,17,2,3,5] Number of rotations: 3
*/
-class HowManyTimesRotated {
+final class HowManyTimesRotated {
+ private HowManyTimesRotated() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/LinearSearchThread.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/LinearSearchThread.java
index 6e9d73af6b1f..d3d04e4f79cc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/LinearSearchThread.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/LinearSearchThread.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
-public class LinearSearchThread {
+public final class LinearSearchThread {
+ private LinearSearchThread() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] list = new int[200];
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/OrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/OrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
index 8ae304f6103f..bb593503ff61 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/OrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/OrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
@@ -1,46 +1,48 @@
-package com.thealgorithms.searches;
-
-// URL: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/order-agnostic-binary-search/
-
-/* Order Agnostic Binary Search is an algorithm where we do not know whether the given
- sorted array is ascending or descending order.
- We declare a boolean variable to find whether the array is ascending order.
- In the while loop, we use the two pointer method (start and end) to get the middle element.
- if the middle element is equal to our target element, then that is the answer.
- If not, then we check if the array is ascending or descending order.
- Depending upon the condition, respective statements will be executed and we will get our answer.
- */
-
-public class OrderAgnosticBinarySearch {
-
- static int BinSearchAlgo(int[] arr, int start, int end, int target) {
-
- // Checking whether the given array is ascending order
- boolean AscOrd = arr[start] < arr[end];
-
- while (start <= end) {
- int middle = start + (end - start) / 2;
-
- // Check if the desired element is present at the middle position
- if (arr[middle] == target) return middle; // returns the index of the middle element
-
- // Ascending order
- if (AscOrd) {
- if (arr[middle] < target)
- start = middle + 1;
- else
- end = middle - 1;
- }
-
- // Descending order
- else {
- if (arr[middle] > target)
- start = middle + 1;
- else
- end = middle - 1;
- }
- }
- // Element is not present
- return -1;
- }
-}
+package com.thealgorithms.searches;
+
+// URL: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/order-agnostic-binary-search/
+
+/* Order Agnostic Binary Search is an algorithm where we do not know whether the given
+ sorted array is ascending or descending order.
+ We declare a boolean variable to find whether the array is ascending order.
+ In the while loop, we use the two pointer method (start and end) to get the middle element.
+ if the middle element is equal to our target element, then that is the answer.
+ If not, then we check if the array is ascending or descending order.
+ Depending upon the condition, respective statements will be executed and we will get our answer.
+ */
+
+public final class OrderAgnosticBinarySearch {
+ private OrderAgnosticBinarySearch() {
+ }
+
+ static int BinSearchAlgo(int[] arr, int start, int end, int target) {
+
+ // Checking whether the given array is ascending order
+ boolean AscOrd = arr[start] < arr[end];
+
+ while (start <= end) {
+ int middle = start + (end - start) / 2;
+
+ // Check if the desired element is present at the middle position
+ if (arr[middle] == target) return middle; // returns the index of the middle element
+
+ // Ascending order
+ if (AscOrd) {
+ if (arr[middle] < target)
+ start = middle + 1;
+ else
+ end = middle - 1;
+ }
+
+ // Descending order
+ else {
+ if (arr[middle] > target)
+ start = middle + 1;
+ else
+ end = middle - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ // Element is not present
+ return -1;
+ }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/QuickSelect.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/QuickSelect.java
index f5ed7f71c9ed..97eab4bb4046 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/QuickSelect.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/QuickSelect.java
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
* here.
*/
public final class QuickSelect {
+ private QuickSelect() {
+ }
/**
* Selects the {@code n}-th largest element of {@code list}, i.e. the element that would
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SaddlebackSearch.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SaddlebackSearch.java
index 4e5939d6b2b8..6ec1aa5ceb5e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SaddlebackSearch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SaddlebackSearch.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
*
* @author Nishita Aggarwal
*/
-public class SaddlebackSearch {
+public final class SaddlebackSearch {
+ private SaddlebackSearch() {
+ }
/**
* This method performs Saddleback Search
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SquareRootBinarySearch.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SquareRootBinarySearch.java
index afd5c194f7c4..c00bfc9da6f5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SquareRootBinarySearch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SquareRootBinarySearch.java
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@
*
* @author sahil
*/
-public class SquareRootBinarySearch {
+public final class SquareRootBinarySearch {
+ private SquareRootBinarySearch() {
+ }
/**
* This is the driver method.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
index 817d9b355450..acb9fb5cb3cd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch.java
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
package com.thealgorithms.searches;
-public class sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch {
+public final class sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch {
+ private sortOrderAgnosticBinarySearch() {
+ }
public static int find(int[] arr, int key) {
int start = 0;
int end = arr.length - 1;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSort.java
index 184e36f04db6..2a48cca0f433 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSort.java
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
/**
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucket_sort
*/
-public class BucketSort {
+public final class BucketSort {
+ private BucketSort() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = new int[10];
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DNFSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DNFSort.java
index 7f50deca47aa..7074e2cbe63a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DNFSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DNFSort.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.sorts;
-public class DNFSort {
+public final class DNFSort {
+ private DNFSort() {
+ }
// Sort the input array, the array is assumed to
// have values in {0, 1, 2}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortNoExtraSpace.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortNoExtraSpace.java
index f235d2105b72..803085f9f582 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortNoExtraSpace.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortNoExtraSpace.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
/*This code implements the mergeSort algorithm without extra space
For understanding about mergesort visit :https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/merge-sort/
*/
-public class MergeSortNoExtraSpace {
+public final class MergeSortNoExtraSpace {
+ private MergeSortNoExtraSpace() {
+ }
public static void call_merge_sort(int[] a, int n) {
int maxele = Arrays.stream(a).max().getAsInt() + 1;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSort.java
index b5213792d12d..fb6e4d2649cb 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSort.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
import java.util.Random;
// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd%E2%80%93even_sort
-public class OddEvenSort {
+public final class OddEvenSort {
+ private OddEvenSort() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = new int[100];
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSort.java
index d2090bf86646..847b94036ca9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSort.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Arrays;
-class RadixSort {
+final class RadixSort {
+ private RadixSort() {
+ }
private static int getMax(int[] arr, int n) {
int mx = arr[0];
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtils.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtils.java
index 9e114b2084fc..fda1975189ec 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtils.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtils.java
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
final class SortUtils {
+ private SortUtils() {
+ }
/**
* Swaps two elements at the given positions in an array.
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGenerator.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGenerator.java
index d39d40e79a7d..b048d0245b64 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGenerator.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGenerator.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Random;
-public class SortUtilsRandomGenerator {
+public final class SortUtilsRandomGenerator {
+ private SortUtilsRandomGenerator() {
+ }
private static final Random RANDOM;
private static final long SEED;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSort.java
index 2d8411faca4f..7e2251d70640 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSort.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
-public class StrandSort {
+public final class StrandSort {
+ private StrandSort() {
+ }
// note: the input list is destroyed
public static > LinkedList strandSort(LinkedList list) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/TopologicalSort.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/TopologicalSort.java
index ac375e2a54f0..ce664b0197fc 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/TopologicalSort.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/TopologicalSort.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
* @author Jonathan Taylor (https://github.com/Jtmonument)
* Based on Introduction to Algorithms 3rd Edition
*/
-public class TopologicalSort {
+public final class TopologicalSort {
+ private TopologicalSort() {
+ }
/*
* Enum to represent the colors for the depth first search
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/BalancedBrackets.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/BalancedBrackets.java
index a73697a7df21..a8f5254b22c5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/BalancedBrackets.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/BalancedBrackets.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
* @author khalil2535
* @author shellhub
*/
-class BalancedBrackets {
+final class BalancedBrackets {
+ private BalancedBrackets() {
+ }
/**
* Check if {@code leftBracket} and {@code rightBracket} is paired or not
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DecimalToAnyUsingStack.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DecimalToAnyUsingStack.java
index 0a206a8ba1e9..41d1c6408ee5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DecimalToAnyUsingStack.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DecimalToAnyUsingStack.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Stack;
-public class DecimalToAnyUsingStack {
+public final class DecimalToAnyUsingStack {
+ private DecimalToAnyUsingStack() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert convert(0, 2).equals("0");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DuplicateBrackets.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DuplicateBrackets.java
index f78a24112d43..2fb03de77de5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DuplicateBrackets.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/DuplicateBrackets.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Stack;
-public class DuplicateBrackets {
+public final class DuplicateBrackets {
+ private DuplicateBrackets() {
+ }
public static boolean check(String str) {
Stack st = new Stack<>();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/InfixToPostfix.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/InfixToPostfix.java
index 2cafdc940650..e3519978c6e5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/InfixToPostfix.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/InfixToPostfix.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.Stack;
-public class InfixToPostfix {
+public final class InfixToPostfix {
+ private InfixToPostfix() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
assert "32+".equals(infix2PostFix("3+2"));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/LargestRectangle.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/LargestRectangle.java
index 63f1d0b4f30d..b3004a284a15 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/LargestRectangle.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/LargestRectangle.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
* @author mohd rameez github.com/rameez471
*/
-public class LargestRectangle {
+public final class LargestRectangle {
+ private LargestRectangle() {
+ }
public static String largestRectanglehistogram(int[] heights) {
int n = heights.length, maxArea = 0;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/MaximumMinimumWindow.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/MaximumMinimumWindow.java
index 5eb895d945e5..d76122b16632 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/MaximumMinimumWindow.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/MaximumMinimumWindow.java
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
*
* @author sahil
*/
-public class MaximumMinimumWindow {
+public final class MaximumMinimumWindow {
+ private MaximumMinimumWindow() {
+ }
/**
* This function contains the logic of finding maximum of minimum for every
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElement.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElement.java
index d681e41fbfc3..f7cbea714eb0 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElement.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElement.java
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ Next greater element between (6 to n) is -1
-1.
*/
-public class NextGreaterElement {
+public final class NextGreaterElement {
+ private NextGreaterElement() {
+ }
public static int[] findNextGreaterElements(int[] array) {
if (array == null) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElement.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElement.java
index 84263d986508..4d37da0e7c31 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElement.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElement.java
@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ Next smaller element between (0 , 5) is 6
answer is -1
*/
-public class NextSmallerElement {
+public final class NextSmallerElement {
+ private NextSmallerElement() {
+ }
public static int[] findNextSmallerElements(int[] array) {
// base case
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfix.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfix.java
index 0c674ec02a1e..6a0453d887c2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfix.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfix.java
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
*
*/
-public class PostfixToInfix {
+public final class PostfixToInfix {
+ private PostfixToInfix() {
+ }
public static boolean isOperator(char token) {
switch (token) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Alphabetical.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Alphabetical.java
index fde17c883917..de07dde2d510 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Alphabetical.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Alphabetical.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
* based on the position of the characters in the conventional ordering of an
* alphabet. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetical_order
*/
-class Alphabetical {
+final class Alphabetical {
+ private Alphabetical() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert !isAlphabetical("123abc");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CharactersSame.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CharactersSame.java
index e0243fa8edef..78ccbbea4898 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CharactersSame.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CharactersSame.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.strings;
-public class CharactersSame {
+public final class CharactersSame {
+ private CharactersSame() {
+ }
/**
* Driver Code
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckAnagrams.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckAnagrams.java
index a20e8b4ad418..7bf7cd9a7c66 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckAnagrams.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckAnagrams.java
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@
* Two strings are anagrams if they are made of the same letters arranged
* differently (ignoring the case).
*/
-public class CheckAnagrams {
+public final class CheckAnagrams {
+ private CheckAnagrams() {
+ }
/**
* Check if two strings are anagrams or not
*
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckVowels.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckVowels.java
index 7b4fca3d54ce..44965cc9282c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckVowels.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/CheckVowels.java
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
* on the position of the characters in the conventional ordering of an
* alphabet. Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabetical_order
*/
-public class CheckVowels {
+public final class CheckVowels {
+ private CheckVowels() {
+ }
private static final Set VOWELS = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'));
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistance.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistance.java
index bfa3114b1c03..95c523ccd411 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistance.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HammingDistance.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_distance
*/
-public class HammingDistance {
+public final class HammingDistance {
+ private HammingDistance() {
+ }
/**
* calculate the hamming distance between two strings of equal length
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HorspoolSearch.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HorspoolSearch.java
index 99ba2399c42f..d9187cbf66c4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HorspoolSearch.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/HorspoolSearch.java
@@ -44,7 +44,9 @@
* recommend checking out the wikipedia page and professor Anany Levitin's book:
* Introduction To The Design And Analysis Of Algorithms.
*/
-public class HorspoolSearch {
+public final class HorspoolSearch {
+ private HorspoolSearch() {
+ }
private static HashMap shiftValues; // bad symbol table
private static Integer patternLength;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Isomorphic.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Isomorphic.java
index d7f436b0de75..088addc6ea45 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Isomorphic.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Isomorphic.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
-public class Isomorphic {
+public final class Isomorphic {
+ private Isomorphic() {
+ }
public static boolean checkStrings(String s, String t) {
if (s.length() != t.length()) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber.java
index 963684e4aff3..2e3ee25fb6ea 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
-public class LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber {
+public final class LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber {
+ private LetterCombinationsOfPhoneNumber() {
+ }
static Character[][] numberToCharMap;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LongestPalindromicSubstring.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LongestPalindromicSubstring.java
index a74a10aa05c0..fa9171133a15 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LongestPalindromicSubstring.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/LongestPalindromicSubstring.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
// Longest Palindromic Substring
import java.util.Scanner;
-class LongestPalindromicSubstring {
+final class LongestPalindromicSubstring {
+ private LongestPalindromicSubstring() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
Solution s = new Solution();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Lower.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Lower.java
index ef3902b15df3..e20cc5f0f2f7 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Lower.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Lower.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.strings;
-public class Lower {
+public final class Lower {
+ private Lower() {
+ }
/**
* Driver Code
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/MyAtoi.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/MyAtoi.java
index a8669273a3cd..119d75e4d828 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/MyAtoi.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/MyAtoi.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
package com.thealgorithms.strings;
-public class MyAtoi {
+public final class MyAtoi {
+ private MyAtoi() {
+ }
public static int myAtoi(String s) {
s = s.trim();
char[] char_1 = s.toCharArray();
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Palindrome.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Palindrome.java
index c0cab91bb7c6..3567a371d70e 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Palindrome.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Palindrome.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
/**
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palindrome
*/
-class Palindrome {
+final class Palindrome {
+ private Palindrome() {
+ }
/**
* Check if a string is palindrome string or not using String Builder
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Pangram.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Pangram.java
index d2c9f3e5baa0..e0989ce86715 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Pangram.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Pangram.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
/**
* Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangram
*/
-public class Pangram {
+public final class Pangram {
+ private Pangram() {
+ }
/**
* Test code
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/PermuteString.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/PermuteString.java
index d4abb67440b4..f263292eb7bd 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/PermuteString.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/PermuteString.java
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@
again, and we backtrack to the previous position and swap B with C. So, now we got ABC and ACB.
>>Repeat these steps for BAC and CBA, to get all the permutations.
*/
-public class PermuteString {
+public final class PermuteString {
+ private PermuteString() {
+ }
// Function for swapping the characters at position I with character at position j
public static String swapString(String a, int i, int j) {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseString.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseString.java
index c5f54f745470..b47a77e9226c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseString.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseString.java
@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
/**
* Reverse String using different version
*/
-public class ReverseString {
+public final class ReverseString {
+ private ReverseString() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert reverse("abc123").equals("321cba");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursive.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursive.java
index 0cd2a971b225..e180f6c3991b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursive.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursive.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
* Reverse String using Recursion
*/
-public class ReverseStringRecursive {
+public final class ReverseStringRecursive {
+ private ReverseStringRecursive() {
+ }
/**
* @param str string to be reversed
* @return reversed string
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Rotation.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Rotation.java
index c82ae5c32758..e1352f1197b1 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Rotation.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Rotation.java
@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
* the string "abcdef" to the end of the string, so that the original string
* becomes the string "cdefab"
*/
-public class Rotation {
+public final class Rotation {
+ private Rotation() {
+ }
public static void main(String[] args) {
assert rotation("abcdef", 2).equals("cdefab");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/StringCompression.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/StringCompression.java
index 28a3df743fc6..131bd4165493 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/StringCompression.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/StringCompression.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
* string
* @author Swarga-codes (https://github.com/Swarga-codes)
*/
-public class StringCompression {
+public final class StringCompression {
+ private StringCompression() {
+ }
/**
* Returns the compressed or encoded string
*
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Upper.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Upper.java
index 8f306a20e8f0..0fc87a9da318 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Upper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/Upper.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.strings;
-public class Upper {
+public final class Upper {
+ private Upper() {
+ }
/**
* Driver Code
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ValidParentheses.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ValidParentheses.java
index 5d3738522d44..b2759e5bcec9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ValidParentheses.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ValidParentheses.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
// the same type of brackets. Open brackets must be closed in the correct order. Every close
// bracket has a corresponding open bracket of the same type.
-public class ValidParentheses {
+public final class ValidParentheses {
+ private ValidParentheses() {
+ }
public static boolean isValid(String s) {
char[] stack = new char[s.length()];
int head = 0;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/WordLadder.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/WordLadder.java
index e88acbd18586..025c43b15466 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/WordLadder.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/WordLadder.java
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
All the words in wordList are unique.
*/
-class WordLadder {
+final class WordLadder {
+ private WordLadder() {
+ }
/**
* This function finds the ladderLength
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/longestNonRepeativeSubstring.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/longestNonRepeativeSubstring.java
index 252517dc80cc..3619124745b4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/longestNonRepeativeSubstring.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/longestNonRepeativeSubstring.java
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
import java.util.HashMap;
-class longestNonRepeativeSubstring {
+final class longestNonRepeativeSubstring {
+ private longestNonRepeativeSubstring() {
+ }
public static int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
int max = 0, start = 0, i = 0;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/zigZagPattern/zigZagPattern.java b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/zigZagPattern/zigZagPattern.java
index 75ab883386f5..ea366ad83b3d 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/zigZagPattern/zigZagPattern.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/zigZagPattern/zigZagPattern.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.strings.zigZagPattern;
-class zigZagPattern {
+final class zigZagPattern {
+ private zigZagPattern() {
+ }
public static String encode(String s, int numRows) {
if (numRows < 2 || s.length() < numRows) return s;
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/TreeTestUtils.java b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/TreeTestUtils.java
index 3bd197bf8bf8..9628e86b9bff 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/TreeTestUtils.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/trees/TreeTestUtils.java
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
-public class TreeTestUtils {
+public final class TreeTestUtils {
+ private TreeTestUtils() {
+ }
/**
* Creates a binary tree with given values
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayRightRotation.java b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayRightRotation.java
index a78ef81f32a4..11e4f44500b1 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayRightRotation.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ArrayRightRotation.java
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
package com.thealgorithms.others;
-public class ArrayRightRotation {
+public final class ArrayRightRotation {
+ private ArrayRightRotation() {
+ }
public static int[] rotateRight(int[] arr, int k) {
if (arr == null || arr.length == 0 || k < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid input");
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16Test.java b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16Test.java
index 54e82f69aa88..bf309928bbf4 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16Test.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/CRC16Test.java
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
class CRC16Test {
-
- CRC16 crc = new CRC16();
-
@Test
void testCRC16() {
// given
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/IsomorphicTest.java b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/IsomorphicTest.java
index 4601404c7817..0dac47551868 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/IsomorphicTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/IsomorphicTest.java
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
-public class IsomorphicTest {
+public final class IsomorphicTest {
+ private IsomorphicTest() {
+ }
@Test
public static void main(String[] args) {
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursiveTest.java b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursiveTest.java
index af8d20ab9b7e..b33037f37cfd 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursiveTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/strings/ReverseStringRecursiveTest.java
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
public class ReverseStringRecursiveTest {
- ReverseStringRecursive stringRecursive = new ReverseStringRecursive();
-
@Test
void shouldAcceptWhenEmptyStringIsPassed() {
String expected = "";