From 743d395d6fa20058be7f67a39ebdcd64a329ce18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bence Lakos <bence.lakos@z-consulting.eu>
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 2020 16:11:56 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Implement huffman encoding and tests

---
 src/main/java/com/compressions/Huffman.java   | 87 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../java/com/compressions/HuffmanTest.java    | 16 ++++
 2 files changed, 103 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/com/compressions/Huffman.java
 create mode 100644 src/test/java/com/compressions/HuffmanTest.java

diff --git a/src/main/java/com/compressions/Huffman.java b/src/main/java/com/compressions/Huffman.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..9372ef259831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/compressions/Huffman.java
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package com.compressions;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public final class Huffman {
+
+    private final class Node {
+        private final Character letter;
+        private final int frequency;
+        private final Node left;
+        private final Node right;
+        private String bitString;
+
+        private Node(Character letter, int frequency, Node left, Node right) {
+            this.letter = letter;
+            this.frequency = frequency;
+            this.left = left;
+            this.right = right;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<Node> parseInput(String input) {
+        Map<Character, Integer> letters = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
+            char character = input.charAt(i);
+
+            letters.merge(character, 1, Integer::sum);
+        }
+
+        return letters.entrySet()
+                .stream()
+                .map(element -> new Node(element.getKey(), element.getValue(), null, null))
+                .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(left -> left.frequency))
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private Node buildTree(List<Node> letters) {
+        while (letters.size() > 1) {
+            Node left = letters.remove(0);
+            Node right = letters.remove(0);
+
+            letters.add(new Node(null, left.frequency + right.frequency, left, right));
+
+            letters.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(node -> node.frequency));
+        }
+
+        return letters.get(0);
+    }
+
+    private void traverseTree(Node root, String bitString, ArrayList<Node> result) {
+        if (root.letter != null) {
+            root.bitString = bitString;
+
+            result.add(root);
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.traverseTree(root.left, bitString + "0", result);
+        this.traverseTree(root.right, bitString + "1", result);
+    }
+
+    private String createHuffman(ArrayList<Node> nodes, String path) {
+        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (char character : path.toCharArray()) {
+            result.append(nodes.stream().filter(node -> node.letter == character).findFirst().get().bitString).append(" ");
+        }
+
+        return result.toString().trim();
+    }
+
+    public String encode(String value) {
+        List<Node> queue = this.parseInput(value);
+
+        Node root = this.buildTree(queue);
+
+        ArrayList<Node> nodes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        this.traverseTree(root, "", nodes);
+
+        return this.createHuffman(nodes, value);
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/compressions/HuffmanTest.java b/src/test/java/com/compressions/HuffmanTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f10fc035a2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/compressions/HuffmanTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.compressions;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+final class HuffmanTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void testHuffman() {
+        Huffman huffman = new Huffman();
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals("1100 1101 01 01 101 1110 1111 101 000 01 001 100", huffman.encode("Hello world!"));
+        Assertions.assertEquals("0000 1101 0001 1110 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1101 1001 1010 1110 1011 1111 1100 1111", huffman.encode("The Algorithms Java"));
+        Assertions.assertEquals("0100 0101 001 001 0110 0111 111 1000 1001 111 1010 1011 1100 1101 111 000", huffman.encode("Huffman encoding"));
+    }
+}