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‎.github/CODEOWNERS

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* @yanglbme @vil02 @BamaCharanChhandogi
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* @yanglbme @vil02 @BamaCharanChhandogi @alxkm @siriak

‎.github/workflows/clang-format-lint.yml

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steps:
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- uses: actions/checkout@v4
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- uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.17
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- uses: DoozyX/clang-format-lint-action@v0.18
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with:
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source: './src'
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extensions: 'java'

‎.gitpod.dockerfile

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FROM gitpod/workspace-java-21:2024-06-24-08-46-07
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FROM gitpod/workspace-java-21:2024-07-14-17-19-51
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ENV LLVM_SCRIPT="tmp_llvm.sh"
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‎DIRECTORY.md

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* [RemoveDuplicateFromString](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromString.java)
441441
* [ReturnSubsequence](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReturnSubsequence.java)
442442
* [ReverseStackUsingRecursion](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursion.java)
443-
* [RootPrecision](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RootPrecision.java)
444443
* [RotateMatrixBy90Degrees](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RotateMatrixBy90Degrees.java)
445444
* [SieveOfEratosthenes](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SieveOfEratosthenes.java)
446445
* [SkylineProblem](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SkylineProblem.java)
@@ -491,7 +490,7 @@
491490
* [BitonicSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BitonicSort.java)
492491
* [BogoSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BogoSort.java)
493492
* [BubbleSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BubbleSort.java)
494-
* [BubbleSortRecursion](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BubbleSortRecursion.java)
493+
* [BubbleSortRecursive](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BubbleSortRecursive.java)
495494
* [BucketSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSort.java)
496495
* [CircleSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CircleSort.java)
497496
* [CocktailShakerSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CocktailShakerSort.java)
@@ -502,6 +501,7 @@
502501
* [DualPivotQuickSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DualPivotQuickSort.java)
503502
* [DutchNationalFlagSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DutchNationalFlagSort.java)
504503
* [ExchangeSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/ExchangeSort.java)
504+
* [FlashSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/FlashSort.java)
505505
* [GnomeSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/GnomeSort.java)
506506
* [HeapSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/HeapSort.java)
507507
* [InsertionSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/InsertionSort.java)
@@ -512,6 +512,7 @@
512512
* [MergeSortRecursive](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortRecursive.java)
513513
* [OddEvenSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSort.java)
514514
* [PancakeSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PancakeSort.java)
515+
* [PatienceSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PatienceSort.java)
515516
* [PigeonholeSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PigeonholeSort.java)
516517
* [QuickSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/QuickSort.java)
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* [RadixSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSort.java)
@@ -523,6 +524,7 @@
523524
* [SortAlgorithm](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortAlgorithm.java)
524525
* [SortUtils](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtils.java)
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* [SortUtilsRandomGenerator](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGenerator.java)
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* [SpreadSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SpreadSort.java)
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* [StoogeSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StoogeSort.java)
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* [StrandSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSort.java)
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* [SwapSort](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SwapSort.java)
@@ -863,23 +865,30 @@
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* [BinaryInsertionSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BinaryInsertionSortTest.java)
864866
* [BitonicSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BitonicSortTest.java)
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* [BogoSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BogoSortTest.java)
868+
* [BubbleSortRecursiveTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BubbleSortRecursiveTest.java)
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* [BubbleSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BubbleSortTest.java)
867870
* [BucketSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BucketSortTest.java)
868871
* [CircleSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CircleSortTest.java)
869872
* [CocktailShakerSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CocktailShakerSortTest.java)
870873
* [CombSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CombSortTest.java)
874+
* [CountingSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CountingSortTest.java)
875+
* [CycleSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/CycleSortTest.java)
871876
* [DualPivotQuickSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DualPivotQuickSortTest.java)
872877
* [DutchNationalFlagSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/DutchNationalFlagSortTest.java)
873878
* [ExchangeSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/ExchangeSortTest.java)
879+
* [FlashSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/FlashSortTest.java)
874880
* [GnomeSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/GnomeSortTest.java)
875881
* [HeapSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/HeapSortTest.java)
876882
* [InsertionSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/InsertionSortTest.java)
877883
* [IntrospectiveSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/IntrospectiveSortTest.java)
884+
* [MergeSortNoExtraSpaceTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortNoExtraSpaceTest.java)
878885
* [MergeSortRecursiveTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortRecursiveTest.java)
879886
* [MergeSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/MergeSortTest.java)
880887
* [OddEvenSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/OddEvenSortTest.java)
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* [PancakeSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PancakeSortTest.java)
889+
* [PatienceSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/PatienceSortTest.java)
882890
* [QuickSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/QuickSortTest.java)
891+
* [RadixSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/RadixSortTest.java)
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* [SelectionSortRecursiveTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SelectionSortRecursiveTest.java)
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* [SelectionSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SelectionSortTest.java)
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* [ShellSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/ShellSortTest.java)
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* [SortingAlgorithmTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortingAlgorithmTest.java)
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* [SortUtilsRandomGeneratorTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsRandomGeneratorTest.java)
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* [SortUtilsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SortUtilsTest.java)
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* [SpreadSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SpreadSortTest.java)
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* [StoogeSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StoogeSortTest.java)
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* [StrandSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/StrandSortTest.java)
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* [SwapSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/SwapSortTest.java)
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* [TimSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/TimSortTest.java)

‎pmd-exclude.properties

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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.crdt.Pair=UnusedPrivateField
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.AStar=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.AdjacencyMatrixGraph=CollapsibleIfStatements,UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName,UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.BipartiteGrapfDFS=CollapsibleIfStatements
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.BipartiteGraphDFS=CollapsibleIfStatements
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.graphs.Kruskal=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.hashmap.hashing.HashMapCuckooHashing=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.datastructures.heaps.FibonacciHeap=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.BinomialCoefficient=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.Complex=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.DistanceFormulaTest=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
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com.thealgorithms.maths.FibonacciJavaStreamsTest=BigIntegerInstantiation
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com.thealgorithms.maths.Gaussian=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.GcdSolutionWrapper=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.HeronsFormula=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.KaprekarNumbers=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.KeithNumber=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.LeonardoNumber=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.LinearDiophantineEquationsSolver=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.MatrixUtil=BigIntegerInstantiation,UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.MatrixUtil=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.RomanNumeralUtil=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.SecondMinMax=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.maths.SecondMinMaxTest=UnnecessaryFullyQualifiedName
@@ -76,7 +75,6 @@ com.thealgorithms.searches.InterpolationSearch=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.searches.KMPSearch=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.searches.LinearSearchThread=EmptyCatchBlock
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com.thealgorithms.searches.RabinKarpAlgorithm=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.BubbleSortRecursion=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.CircleSort=EmptyControlStatement
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.CombSort=UselessParentheses
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com.thealgorithms.sorts.DutchNationalFlagSort=UselessParentheses

‎pom.xml

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<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
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<maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
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<assertj.version>3.26.0</assertj.version>
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<assertj.version>3.26.3</assertj.version>
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<dependencyManagement>
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<artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
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<version>5.10.3</version>
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<version>5.11.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
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<version>5.10.3</version>
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<version>5.11.0</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
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<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
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<version>5.10.3</version>
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<version>5.11.0</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<version>3.14.0</version>
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<version>3.17.0</version>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
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<plugins>
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<version>3.3.0</version>
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<version>3.5.0</version>
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<plugin>
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<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
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<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.4.0</version>
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<version>3.5.0</version>
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<configuration>
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<configLocation>checkstyle.xml</configLocation>
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<consoleOutput>true</consoleOutput>
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<version>10.17.0</version>
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<version>10.18.1</version>
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</dependency>
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<plugin>
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<version>4.8.6.2</version>
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<configuration>
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<includeTests>true</includeTests>
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<artifactId>maven-pmd-plugin</artifactId>
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<version>3.23.0</version>
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<version>3.25.0</version>
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<configuration>
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‎spotbugs-exclude.xml

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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="UWF_UNWRITTEN_FIELD" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="DLS_DEAD_LOCAL_STORE" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="RCN_REDUNDANT_NULLCHECK_OF_NONNULL_VALUE" />
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="RV_ABSOLUTE_VALUE_OF_HASHCODE" />
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<!-- fb-contrib -->
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<Bug pattern="OCP_OVERLY_CONCRETE_PARAMETER" />
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<Bug pattern="BL_BURYING_LOGIC" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="OI_OPTIONAL_ISSUES_USES_IMMEDIATE_EXECUTION" />
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</Match>
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<Match>
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<Bug pattern="PCOA_PARTIALLY_CONSTRUCTED_OBJECT_ACCESS" />
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</Match>

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/ArrayCombination.java

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package com.thealgorithms.backtracking;
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import java.util.ArrayList;
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import java.util.TreeSet;
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/**
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* Finds all permutations of 1...n of length k
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* @author TheClerici (<a href="https://github.com/TheClerici">git-TheClerici</a>)
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* Finds all combinations of 0...n-1 of length k
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private ArrayCombination() {
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}
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private static int length;
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/**
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* Find all combinations of 1..n by creating an array and using backtracking in Combination.java
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* @param n max value of the array.
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* @param k length of combination
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* @return a list of all combinations of length k. If k == 0, return null.
14+
* Finds all combinations of length k of 0..n-1 using backtracking.
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*
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* @param n Number of the elements.
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* @param k Length of the combination.
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* @return A list of all combinations of length k.
2019
*/
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public static List<TreeSet<Integer>> combination(int n, int k) {
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if (n <= 0) {
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return null;
20+
public static List<List<Integer>> combination(int n, int k) {
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if (n < 0 || k < 0 || k > n) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Wrong input.");
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}
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length = k;
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Integer[] arr = new Integer[n];
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for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
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arr[i - 1] = i;
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List<List<Integer>> combinations = new ArrayList<>();
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combine(combinations, new ArrayList<>(), 0, n, k);
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return combinations;
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}
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private static void combine(List<List<Integer>> combinations, List<Integer> current, int start, int n, int k) {
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if (current.size() == k) { // Base case: combination found
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combinations.add(new ArrayList<>(current)); // Copy to avoid modification
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return;
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}
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for (int i = start; i < n; i++) {
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current.add(i);
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combine(combinations, current, i + 1, n, k);
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current.removeLast(); // Backtrack
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}
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return Combination.combination(arr, length);
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}
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}

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