feat: Add AgingScheduling new algorithm with Junit tests

Author: Hardvan

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/AgingScheduling.java

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.scheduling;
+
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Queue;
+
+/**
+ * AgingScheduling is an algorithm designed to prevent starvation
+ * by gradually increasing the priority of waiting tasks.
+ * The longer a process waits, the higher its priority becomes.
+ *
+ * Use Case: Useful in systems with mixed workloads to avoid
+ * lower-priority tasks being starved by higher-priority tasks.
+ *
+ * @author Hardvan
+ */
+public final class AgingScheduling {
+
+    static class Task {
+        String name;
+        int waitTime;
+        int priority;
+
+        Task(String name, int priority) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.priority = priority;
+            this.waitTime = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Queue<Task> taskQueue;
+
+    public AgingScheduling() {
+        taskQueue = new LinkedList<>();
+    }
+
+    public void addTask(String name, int priority) {
+        taskQueue.offer(new Task(name, priority));
+    }
+
+    public String scheduleNext() {
+        if (taskQueue.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Task nextTask = taskQueue.poll();
+        nextTask.waitTime++;
+        nextTask.priority += nextTask.waitTime;
+        taskQueue.offer(nextTask);
+        return nextTask.name;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/AgingSchedulingTest.java

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+package com.thealgorithms.scheduling;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNull;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class AgingSchedulingTest {
+
+    private AgingScheduling scheduler;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void setup() {
+        scheduler = new AgingScheduling();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddAndScheduleSingleTask() {
+        scheduler.addTask("Task1", 5);
+        assertEquals("Task1", scheduler.scheduleNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddMultipleTasks() {
+        scheduler.addTask("Task1", 1);
+        scheduler.addTask("Task2", 1);
+        assertEquals("Task1", scheduler.scheduleNext());
+        assertEquals("Task2", scheduler.scheduleNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPriorityAdjustmentWithWait() {
+        scheduler.addTask("Task1", 1);
+        scheduler.addTask("Task2", 1);
+        scheduler.scheduleNext();
+        scheduler.scheduleNext();
+        assertEquals("Task1", scheduler.scheduleNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyScheduler() {
+        assertNull(scheduler.scheduleNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleRounds() {
+        scheduler.addTask("Task1", 1);
+        scheduler.addTask("Task2", 2);
+        scheduler.scheduleNext();
+        scheduler.scheduleNext();
+        assertEquals("Task1", scheduler.scheduleNext());
+    }
+}