Added FourSum Problem

Author: shivam-1810

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/misc/FourSumProblem.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.misc;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+
+//In this problem, we are given an array of n integers and a target integer.
+//We have to return a list containing all possible quadruplets from the given array which could add to get the target.
+
+public class FourSumProblem {
+
+    //Best approach - Sorting and two-pointers
+    //Time Complexity - O(n^3)
+    //Space Complexity - O(n)
+    public List<List<Integer>> fourSum1(int[] nums, int target) {
+        List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
+        Arrays.sort(nums);
+        for(int i = 0; i < nums.length-3; i++) {
+            if(i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1]) continue;
+            for(int j = i+1; j < nums.length - 2; j++) {
+                if(j > i+1 && nums[j] == nums[j-1]) continue;
+                int left = j+1;
+                int right = nums.length -1;
+                while(left < right)  {
+                    long sum = (long)nums[i] + (long)nums[j] + (long)nums[left] + (long)nums[right];
+                    if(sum == target) {
+                        ans.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]));
+                        while (left < right && nums[left] == nums[left+1]) left++;
+                        while(left < right && nums[right] == nums[right-1]) right--;
+                        left++; right--;
+                    } else if (sum > target) {
+                        right--;
+                    } else {
+                        left++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ans;
+    }
+
+
+    //Another approach - Using HashMap
+    //Time Complexity - O(n^3)
+    //Space Complexity - O(n^2) (Storing the pair of sums)
+    public List<List<Integer>> fourSum2(int[] nums, int target) {
+        List<List<Integer>> ans = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (nums == null || nums.length < 4) return ans;
+        Arrays.sort(nums);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length - 3; i++) {
+            if (i > 0 && nums[i] == nums[i-1]) continue;
+            for (int j = i + 1; j < nums.length - 2; j++) {
+                if (j > i + 1 && nums[j] == nums[j-1]) continue;
+                HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
+                for (int k = j + 1; k < nums.length; k++) {
+                    int complement = target - nums[i] - nums[j] - nums[k];
+                    if (map.containsKey(complement)) {
+                        ans.add(Arrays.asList(nums[i], nums[j], complement, nums[k]));
+                        while (k + 1 < nums.length && nums[k] == nums[k + 1]) k++;
+                    }
+                    map.put(nums[k], k);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ans;
+    }
+}