refactor: Enhance docs, add tests in FibonacciHeap

Author: Hardvan

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/heaps/FibonacciHeap.java

@@ -1,5 +1,30 @@
 package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.heaps;
 
+/**
+ * The {@code FibonacciHeap} class implements a Fibonacci Heap data structure,
+ * which is a collection of trees that satisfy the minimum heap property.
+ * This heap allows for efficient merging of heaps, as well as faster
+ * decrease-key and delete operations compared to other heap data structures.
+ *
+ * <p>Key features of the Fibonacci Heap include:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Amortized O(1) time complexity for insert and decrease-key operations.</li>
+ *   <li>Amortized O(log n) time complexity for delete and delete-min operations.</li>
+ *   <li>Meld operation that combines two heaps in O(1) time.</li>
+ *   <li>Potential function that helps analyze the amortized time complexity.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>This implementation maintains additional statistics such as the total number
+ * of link and cut operations performed during the lifetime of the heap, which can
+ * be accessed through static methods.
+ *
+ * <p>The Fibonacci Heap is composed of nodes represented by the inner class
+ * {@code HeapNode}. Each node maintains a key, rank, marked status, and pointers
+ * to its children and siblings. Nodes can be linked and cut as part of the heap
+ * restructuring processes.
+ *
+ * @see HeapNode
+ */
 public class FibonacciHeap {
 
     private static final double GOLDEN_RATIO = (1 + Math.sqrt(5)) / 2;

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/datastructures/heaps/FibonacciHeapTest.java

@@ -6,16 +6,103 @@
 public class FibonacciHeapTest {
 
     @Test
-    void testHeap() {
+    void testHeapInsertionAndMinimum() {
         FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
         fibonacciHeap.insert(5);
         fibonacciHeap.insert(3);
         fibonacciHeap.insert(1);
         fibonacciHeap.insert(18);
         fibonacciHeap.insert(33);
 
-        Assertions.assertEquals(fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey(), 1);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
         fibonacciHeap.deleteMin();
-        Assertions.assertEquals(fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey(), 3);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(3, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testDeleteMinOnSingleElementHeap() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap(10);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(10, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
+        fibonacciHeap.deleteMin();
+        Assertions.assertTrue(fibonacciHeap.empty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHeapMeld() {
+        FibonacciHeap heap1 = new FibonacciHeap();
+        FibonacciHeap heap2 = new FibonacciHeap();
+        heap1.insert(1);
+        heap1.insert(2);
+        heap2.insert(3);
+        heap2.insert(4);
+
+        heap1.meld(heap2);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, heap1.findMin().getKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testHeapSize() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, fibonacciHeap.size());
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(5);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, fibonacciHeap.size());
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(3);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(2, fibonacciHeap.size());
+        fibonacciHeap.deleteMin();
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, fibonacciHeap.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCountersRep() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(5);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(3);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(8);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(1);
+
+        int[] counters = fibonacciHeap.countersRep();
+        Assertions.assertEquals(4, counters[0]);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(0, counters[1]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testDeleteMinMultipleElements() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(5);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(2);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(8);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(1);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
+        fibonacciHeap.deleteMin();
+        Assertions.assertEquals(2, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testInsertNegativeKeys() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(-10);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(-5);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(-20);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(-20, fibonacciHeap.findMin().getKey());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testDeleteOnEmptyHeap() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        Assertions.assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> { fibonacciHeap.delete(fibonacciHeap.findMin()); });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testPotentialCalculation() {
+        FibonacciHeap fibonacciHeap = new FibonacciHeap();
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(10);
+        fibonacciHeap.insert(20);
+
+        Assertions.assertEquals(2, fibonacciHeap.potential()); // 2 trees, no marked nodes
+        var node = fibonacciHeap.findMin();
+        fibonacciHeap.delete(node);
+        Assertions.assertEquals(1, fibonacciHeap.potential());
     }
 }