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Merge branch 'master' into count_inversions_new_algo
2 parents d65cc0c + 0020ab2 commit 4270f57

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‎DIRECTORY.md

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* [WordPatternMatcher](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordPatternMatcher.java)
2424
* [WordSearch](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordSearch.java)
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* bitmanipulation
26+
* [BcdConversion](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BcdConversion.java)
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* [BinaryPalindromeCheck](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BinaryPalindromeCheck.java)
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* [BitSwap](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BitSwap.java)
2829
* [BooleanAlgebraGates](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BooleanAlgebraGates.java)
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* [SingleElement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleElement.java)
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* [SwapAdjacentBits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SwapAdjacentBits.java)
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* [TwosComplement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/TwosComplement.java)
52+
* [Xs3Conversion](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/Xs3Conversion.java)
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* ciphers
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* a5
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* [A5Cipher](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/a5/A5Cipher.java)
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* [HexToOct](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/HexToOct.java)
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* [IntegerToEnglish](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IntegerToEnglish.java)
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* [IntegerToRoman](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IntegerToRoman.java)
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* [IPConverter](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IPConverter.java)
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* [OctalToBinary](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToBinary.java)
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* [OctalToDecimal](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToDecimal.java)
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* [OctalToHexadecimal](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToHexadecimal.java)
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* [FCFSScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/FCFSScheduling.java)
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* [HighestResponseRatioNextScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/HighestResponseRatioNextScheduling.java)
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* [JobSchedulingWithDeadline](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadline.java)
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* [LotteryScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/LotteryScheduling.java)
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* [MLFQScheduler](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MLFQScheduler.java)
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* [NonPreemptivePriorityScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/NonPreemptivePriorityScheduling.java)
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* [PreemptivePriorityScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePriorityScheduling.java)
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* [RRScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/RRScheduling.java)
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* [SJFScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/SJFScheduling.java)
@@ -597,7 +602,9 @@
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* [MaximumMinimumWindow](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/MaximumMinimumWindow.java)
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* [NextGreaterElement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElement.java)
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* [NextSmallerElement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElement.java)
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* [PostfixEvaluator](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixEvaluator.java)
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* [PostfixToInfix](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfix.java)
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* [PrefixEvaluator](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixEvaluator.java)
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* [PrefixToInfix](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixToInfix.java)
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* [SortStack](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/SortStack.java)
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* [StackPostfixNotation](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/StackPostfixNotation.java)
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* [WordPatternMatcherTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordPatternMatcherTest.java)
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* [WordSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordSearchTest.java)
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* bitmanipulation
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* [BcdConversionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BcdConversionTest.java)
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* [BinaryPalindromeCheckTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BinaryPalindromeCheckTest.java)
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* [BitSwapTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BitSwapTest.java)
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* [BooleanAlgebraGatesTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BooleanAlgebraGatesTest.java)
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* [SingleElementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleElementTest.java)
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* [SwapAdjacentBitsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SwapAdjacentBitsTest.java)
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* [TwosComplementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/TwosComplementTest.java)
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* [Xs3ConversionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/Xs3ConversionTest.java)
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* ciphers
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* a5
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* [A5CipherTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/ciphers/a5/A5CipherTest.java)
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* [HexToOctTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/HexToOctTest.java)
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* [IntegerToEnglishTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IntegerToEnglishTest.java)
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* [IntegerToRomanTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IntegerToRomanTest.java)
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* [IPConverterTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IPConverterTest.java)
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* [OctalToBinaryTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToBinaryTest.java)
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* [OctalToDecimalTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToDecimalTest.java)
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* [OctalToHexadecimalTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/OctalToHexadecimalTest.java)
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* [SkylineProblemTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SkylineProblemTest.java)
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* [SudokuTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SudokuTest.java)
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* [TestPrintMatrixInSpiralOrder](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TestPrintMatrixInSpiralOrder.java)
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* [TowerOfHanoiTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TowerOfHanoiTest.java)
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* [TwoPointersTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointersTest.java)
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* [WorstFitCPUTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/WorstFitCPUTest.java)
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* Recursion
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* [FCFSSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/FCFSSchedulingTest.java)
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* [HighestResponseRatioNextSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/HighestResponseRatioNextSchedulingTest.java)
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* [JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest.java)
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* [LotterySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/LotterySchedulingTest.java)
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* [MLFQSchedulerTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/MLFQSchedulerTest.java)
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* [NonPreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/NonPreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest.java)
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* [PreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/PreemptivePrioritySchedulingTest.java)
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* [RRSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/RRSchedulingTest.java)
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* [SJFSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/SJFSchedulingTest.java)
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* [LargestRectangleTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/LargestRectangleTest.java)
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* [NextGreaterElementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextGreaterElementTest.java)
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* [NextSmallerElementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/NextSmallerElementTest.java)
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* [PostfixEvaluatorTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixEvaluatorTest.java)
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* [PostfixToInfixTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PostfixToInfixTest.java)
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* [PrefixEvaluatorTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixEvaluatorTest.java)
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* [PrefixToInfixTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixToInfixTest.java)
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* [SortStackTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/SortStackTest.java)
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* [StackPostfixNotationTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/StackPostfixNotationTest.java)

‎checkstyle.xml

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<!-- See https://checkstyle.org/checks/misc/index.html -->
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<module name="ArrayTypeStyle"/>
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<!-- TODO <module name="FinalParameters"/> -->
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<!-- TODO <module name="TodoComment"/> -->
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<module name="TodoComment"/>
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<module name="UpperEll"/>
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<!-- https://checkstyle.org/filters/suppressionxpathfilter.html -->

‎pom.xml

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<version>${assertj.version}</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
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<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
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<version>5.14.1</version>
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<scope>test</scope>
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</dependency>
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BcdConversion.java

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package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
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/**
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* This class provides methods to convert between BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) and decimal numbers.
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*
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* BCD is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each decimal digit is represented by a fixed number of binary digits, usually four or eight.
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*
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* For more information, refer to the
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* <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal">Binary-Coded Decimal</a> Wikipedia page.
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*
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* <b>Example usage:</b>
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* <pre>
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* int decimal = BcdConversion.bcdToDecimal(0x1234);
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* System.out.println("BCD 0x1234 to decimal: " + decimal); // Output: 1234
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*
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* int bcd = BcdConversion.decimalToBcd(1234);
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* System.out.println("Decimal 1234 to BCD: " + Integer.toHexString(bcd)); // Output: 0x1234
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* </pre>
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*/
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public final class BcdConversion {
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private BcdConversion() {
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}
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/**
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* Converts a BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal) number to a decimal number.
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* <p>Steps:
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* <p>1. Validate the BCD number to ensure all digits are between 0 and 9.
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* <p>2. Extract the last 4 bits (one BCD digit) from the BCD number.
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* <p>3. Multiply the extracted digit by the corresponding power of 10 and add it to the decimal number.
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* <p>4. Shift the BCD number right by 4 bits to process the next BCD digit.
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* <p>5. Repeat steps 1-4 until the BCD number is zero.
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*
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* @param bcd The BCD number.
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* @return The corresponding decimal number.
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the BCD number contains invalid digits.
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*/
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public static int bcdToDecimal(int bcd) {
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int decimal = 0;
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int multiplier = 1;
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// Validate BCD digits
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while (bcd > 0) {
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int digit = bcd & 0xF;
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if (digit > 9) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid BCD digit: " + digit);
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}
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decimal += digit * multiplier;
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multiplier *= 10;
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bcd >>= 4;
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}
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return decimal;
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}
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/**
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* Converts a decimal number to BCD (Binary-Coded Decimal).
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* <p>Steps:
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* <p>1. Check if the decimal number is within the valid range for BCD (0 to 9999).
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* <p>2. Extract the last decimal digit from the decimal number.
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* <p>3. Shift the digit to the correct BCD position and add it to the BCD number.
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* <p>4. Remove the last decimal digit from the decimal number.
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* <p>5. Repeat steps 2-4 until the decimal number is zero.
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*
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* @param decimal The decimal number.
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* @return The corresponding BCD number.
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* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the decimal number is greater than 9999.
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*/
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public static int decimalToBcd(int decimal) {
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if (decimal < 0 || decimal > 9999) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value out of bounds for BCD representation: " + decimal);
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}
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int bcd = 0;
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int shift = 0;
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while (decimal > 0) {
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int digit = decimal % 10;
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bcd |= (digit << (shift * 4));
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decimal /= 10;
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shift++;
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}
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return bcd;
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}
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}

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/Xs3Conversion.java

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package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
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/**
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* This class provides methods to convert between XS-3 (Excess-3) and binary.
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*
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* Excess-3, also called XS-3, is a binary-coded decimal (BCD) code in which each decimal digit is represented by its corresponding 4-bit binary value plus 3.
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*
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* For more information, refer to the
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* <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess-3">Excess-3</a> Wikipedia page.
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*
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* <b>Example usage:</b>
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* <pre>
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* int binary = Xs3Conversion.xs3ToBinary(0x4567);
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* System.out.println("XS-3 0x4567 to binary: " + binary); // Output: 1234
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*
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* int xs3 = Xs3Conversion.binaryToXs3(1234);
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* System.out.println("Binary 1234 to XS-3: " + Integer.toHexString(xs3)); // Output: 0x4567
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* </pre>
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*/
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public final class Xs3Conversion {
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private Xs3Conversion() {
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}
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/**
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* Converts an XS-3 (Excess-3) number to binary.
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*
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* @param xs3 The XS-3 number.
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* @return The corresponding binary number.
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*/
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public static int xs3ToBinary(int xs3) {
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int binary = 0;
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int multiplier = 1;
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while (xs3 > 0) {
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int digit = (xs3 & 0xF) - 3; // Extract the last 4 bits (one XS-3 digit) and subtract 3
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binary += digit * multiplier;
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multiplier *= 10;
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xs3 >>= 4; // Shift right by 4 bits to process the next XS-3 digit
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}
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return binary;
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}
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/**
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* Converts a binary number to XS-3 (Excess-3).
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*
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* @param binary The binary number.
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* @return The corresponding XS-3 number.
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*/
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public static int binaryToXs3(int binary) {
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int xs3 = 0;
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int shift = 0;
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while (binary > 0) {
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int digit = (binary % 10) + 3; // Extract the last decimal digit and add 3
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xs3 |= (digit << (shift * 4)); // Shift the digit to the correct XS-3 position
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binary /= 10; // Remove the last decimal digit
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shift++;
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}
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return xs3;
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}
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}

‎src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/conversions/IPConverter.java

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package com.thealgorithms.conversions;
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/**
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* Converts an IPv4 address to its binary equivalent and vice-versa.
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* IP to Binary: Converts an IPv4 address to its binary equivalent.
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* Example: 127.3.4.5 -> 01111111.00000011.00000100.00000101
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*
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* Binary to IP: Converts a binary equivalent to an IPv4 address.
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* Example: 01111111.00000011.00000100.00000101 -> 127.3.4.5
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*
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* @author Hardvan
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*/
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public final class IPConverter {
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private IPConverter() {
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}
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/**
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* Converts an IPv4 address to its binary equivalent.
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* @param ip The IPv4 address to convert.
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* @return The binary equivalent of the IPv4 address.
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*/
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public static String ipToBinary(String ip) {
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StringBuilder binary = new StringBuilder();
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for (String octet : ip.split("\\.")) {
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binary.append(octetToBinary(Integer.parseInt(octet))).append(".");
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}
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return binary.substring(0, binary.length() - 1);
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}
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/**
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* Converts a single octet to its 8-bit binary representation.
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* @param octet The octet to convert (0-255).
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* @return The 8-bit binary representation as a String.
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*/
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private static String octetToBinary(int octet) {
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char[] binary = {'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'};
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for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {
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if ((octet & 1) == 1) {
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binary[i] = '1';
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}
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octet >>>= 1;
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}
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return new String(binary);
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}
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/**
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* Converts a binary equivalent to an IPv4 address.
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* @param binary The binary equivalent to convert.
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* @return The IPv4 address of the binary equivalent.
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*/
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public static String binaryToIP(String binary) {
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StringBuilder ip = new StringBuilder();
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for (String octet : binary.split("\\.")) {
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ip.append(Integer.parseInt(octet, 2)).append(".");
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}
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return ip.substring(0, ip.length() - 1);
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}
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}

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