feat: Add ModuloPowerOfTwo new algorithm with Junit tests

Author: Hardvan

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ModuloPowerOfTwo.java

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides a method to compute the remainder
+ * of a number when divided by a power of two (2^n)
+ * without using division or modulo operations.
+ *
+ * @author Hardvan
+ */
+public final class ModuloPowerOfTwo {
+    private ModuloPowerOfTwo() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Computes the remainder of a given integer when divided by 2^n.
+     *
+     * @param x the input number
+     * @param n the exponent (power of two)
+     * @return the remainder of x divided by 2^n
+     */
+    public static int moduloPowerOfTwo(int x, int n) {
+        if (n <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The exponent must be positive");
+        }
+
+        return x & ((1 << n) - 1);
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ModuloPowerOfTwoTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.CsvSource;
+
+class ModuloPowerOfTwoTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @CsvSource({
+        "10, 3, 2",
+        "15, 2, 3",
+        "20, 4, 4",
+        "7, 1, 1",
+        "5, 1, 1",
+    })
+    void
+    testModuloPowerOfTwo(int x, int n, int expected) {
+        assertEquals(expected, ModuloPowerOfTwo.moduloPowerOfTwo(x, n));
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @CsvSource({
+        "10, 0",
+        "15, -2",
+        "20, -4",
+        "7, -1",
+        "5, -1",
+    })
+    void
+    testNegativeExponent(int x, int n) {
+        IllegalArgumentException exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> ModuloPowerOfTwo.moduloPowerOfTwo(x, n));
+        assertEquals("The exponent must be positive", exception.getMessage());
+    }
+}