Add PrefixToInfix.java new algorithm

Author: Hardvan

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixToInfix.java

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.stacks;
+
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+/**
+ * Prefix to Infix implementation via Stack
+ *
+ * Function: String getPrefixToInfix(String prefix)
+ * Returns the Infix Expression for the given prefix parameter.
+ *
+ * Avoid using parentheses/brackets/braces for the prefix string.
+ * Prefix Expressions don't require these.
+ *
+ * @author OpenAI
+ *
+ */
+
+public final class PrefixToInfix {
+    private PrefixToInfix() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if a given character is a valid arithmetic operator.
+     *
+     * @param token the character to check
+     * @return true if the character is an operator, false otherwise
+     */
+    public static boolean isOperator(char token) {
+        return token == '+' || token == '-' || token == '/' || token == '*' || token == '^';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a valid prefix expression to an infix expression.
+     *
+     * @param prefix the prefix expression to convert
+     * @return the equivalent infix expression
+     * @throws NullPointerException     if the prefix expression is null
+     */
+    public static String getPrefixToInfix(String prefix) {
+        if (prefix == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("Null prefix expression");
+        }
+        if (prefix.isEmpty()) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();
+
+        // Iterate over the prefix expression from right to left
+        for (int i = prefix.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            char token = prefix.charAt(i);
+
+            if (isOperator(token)) {
+                // Pop two operands from stack
+                String operandA = stack.pop();
+                String operandB = stack.pop();
+
+                // Form the infix expression with parentheses
+                String infix = "(" + operandA + token + operandB + ")";
+
+                // Push the resulting infix expression back onto the stack
+                stack.push(infix);
+            } else {
+                // Push operand onto stack
+                stack.push(Character.toString(token));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return stack.pop(); // final element on the stack is the full infix expression
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/stacks/PrefixToInfixTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.stacks;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
+
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.Arguments;
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
+
+class PrefixToInfixTest {
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @MethodSource("provideValidPrefixToInfixTestCases")
+    void testValidPrefixToInfixConversion(String prefix, String expectedInfix) {
+        assertEquals(expectedInfix, PrefixToInfix.getPrefixToInfix(prefix));
+    }
+
+    static Stream<Arguments> provideValidPrefixToInfixTestCases() {
+        return Stream.of(
+            Arguments.of("A", "A"), // Single operand
+            Arguments.of("+AB", "(A+B)"), // Addition
+            Arguments.of("*+ABC", "((A+B)*C)"), // Addition and multiplication
+            Arguments.of("-+A*BCD", "((A+(B*C))-D)"), // Mixed operators
+            Arguments.of("/-A*BC+DE", "((A-(B*C))/(D+E))"), // Mixed operators
+            Arguments.of("^+AB*CD", "((A+B)^(C*D))") // Mixed operators
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testEmptyPrefixExpression() {
+        assertEquals("", PrefixToInfix.getPrefixToInfix(""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testNullPrefixExpression() {
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> PrefixToInfix.getPrefixToInfix(null));
+    }
+}