Merge branch 'master' into solovay-strassen

Author: alxkm

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: 21
-          distribution: 'adopt'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
       - name: Build with Maven
         run: mvn --batch-mode --update-snapshots verify
       - name: Upload coverage to codecov (tokenless)

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: 21
-          distribution: 'adopt'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
 
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
         uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3

.github/workflows/infer.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: 21
-          distribution: 'adopt'
+          distribution: 'temurin'
 
       - name: Set up OCaml
         uses: ocaml/setup-ocaml@v3

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
             * [OnesComplement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/OnesComplement.java)
             * [ReverseBits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ReverseBits.java)
             * [SingleBitOperations](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleBitOperations.java)
+            * [SingleElement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleElement.java)
+            * [SwapAdjacentBits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SwapAdjacentBits.java)
             * [TwosComplement](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/TwosComplement.java)
           * ciphers
             * a5
@@ -260,6 +262,7 @@
             * [LongestValidParentheses](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestValidParentheses.java)
             * [MatrixChainMultiplication](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainMultiplication.java)
             * [MatrixChainRecursiveTopDownMemoisation](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainRecursiveTopDownMemoisation.java)
+            * [MaximumSumOfNonAdjacentElements](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MaximumSumOfNonAdjacentElements.java)
             * [MinimumPathSum](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumPathSum.java)
             * [MinimumSumPartition](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumSumPartition.java)
             * [NewManShanksPrime](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/NewManShanksPrime.java)
@@ -476,6 +479,7 @@
           * Recursion
             * [GenerateSubsets](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/Recursion/GenerateSubsets.java)
           * scheduling
+            * [EDFScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/EDFScheduling.java)
             * [FCFSScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/FCFSScheduling.java)
             * [HighestResponseRatioNextScheduling](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/HighestResponseRatioNextScheduling.java)
             * [JobSchedulingWithDeadline](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadline.java)
@@ -649,6 +653,8 @@
             * [OnesComplementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/OnesComplementTest.java)
             * [ReverseBitsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ReverseBitsTest.java)
             * [SingleBitOperationsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleBitOperationsTest.java)
+            * [SingleElementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleElementTest.java)
+            * [SwapAdjacentBitsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SwapAdjacentBitsTest.java)
             * [TwosComplementTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/TwosComplementTest.java)
           * ciphers
             * a5
@@ -809,12 +815,16 @@
             * [LongestIncreasingSubsequenceTests](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestIncreasingSubsequenceTests.java)
             * [LongestPalindromicSubstringTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestPalindromicSubstringTest.java)
             * [LongestValidParenthesesTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/LongestValidParenthesesTest.java)
+            * [MatrixChainMultiplicationTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MatrixChainMultiplicationTest.java)
+            * [MaximumSumOfNonAdjacentElementsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MaximumSumOfNonAdjacentElementsTest.java)
             * [MinimumPathSumTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumPathSumTest.java)
             * [MinimumSumPartitionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/MinimumSumPartitionTest.java)
+            * [NewManShanksPrimeTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/NewManShanksPrimeTest.java)
             * [OptimalJobSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/OptimalJobSchedulingTest.java)
             * [PalindromicPartitioningTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/PalindromicPartitioningTest.java)
             * [PartitionProblemTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/PartitionProblemTest.java)
             * [RegexMatchingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/RegexMatchingTest.java)
+            * [RodCuttingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/RodCuttingTest.java)
             * [ShortestCommonSupersequenceLengthTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/ShortestCommonSupersequenceLengthTest.java)
             * [SubsetCountTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/SubsetCountTest.java)
             * [SubsetSumTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/SubsetSumTest.java)
@@ -823,6 +833,7 @@
             * [UniquePathsTests](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/UniquePathsTests.java)
             * [UniqueSubsequencesCountTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/UniqueSubsequencesCountTest.java)
             * [WildcardMatchingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/WildcardMatchingTest.java)
+            * [WineProblemTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/dynamicprogramming/WineProblemTest.java)
           * geometry
             * [GrahamScanTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/geometry/GrahamScanTest.java)
           * greedyalgorithms
@@ -975,6 +986,7 @@
           * Recursion
             * [GenerateSubsetsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/Recursion/GenerateSubsetsTest.java)
           * scheduling
+            * [EDFSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/EDFSchedulingTest.java)
             * [FCFSSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/FCFSSchedulingTest.java)
             * [HighestResponseRatioNextSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/HighestResponseRatioNextSchedulingTest.java)
             * [JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/JobSchedulingWithDeadlineTest.java)
@@ -985,19 +997,31 @@
             * [SRTFSchedulingTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/scheduling/SRTFSchedulingTest.java)
           * searches
             * [BinarySearch2dArrayTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearch2dArrayTest.java)
+            * [BinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BinarySearchTest.java)
             * [BM25InvertedIndexTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BM25InvertedIndexTest.java)
             * [BreadthFirstSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/BreadthFirstSearchTest.java)
             * [DepthFirstSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/DepthFirstSearchTest.java)
+            * [ExponentialSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/ExponentialSearchTest.java)
+            * [FibonacciSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/FibonacciSearchTest.java)
             * [HowManyTimesRotatedTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/HowManyTimesRotatedTest.java)
+            * [InterpolationSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/InterpolationSearchTest.java)
+            * [IterativeBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/IterativeBinarySearchTest.java)
+            * [IterativeTernarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/IterativeTernarySearchTest.java)
+            * [JumpSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/JumpSearchTest.java)
             * [KMPSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/KMPSearchTest.java)
+            * [LinearSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/LinearSearchTest.java)
+            * [MonteCarloTreeSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/MonteCarloTreeSearchTest.java)
             * [OrderAgnosticBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/OrderAgnosticBinarySearchTest.java)
             * [PerfectBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/PerfectBinarySearchTest.java)
             * [QuickSelectTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/QuickSelectTest.java)
             * [RabinKarpAlgorithmTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/RabinKarpAlgorithmTest.java)
             * [RecursiveBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/RecursiveBinarySearchTest.java)
             * [RowColumnWiseSorted2dArrayBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/RowColumnWiseSorted2dArrayBinarySearchTest.java)
+            * [SearchInARowAndColWiseSortedMatrixTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SearchInARowAndColWiseSortedMatrixTest.java)
             * [SortOrderAgnosticBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SortOrderAgnosticBinarySearchTest.java)
+            * [SquareRootBinarySearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/SquareRootBinarySearchTest.java)
             * [TestSearchInARowAndColWiseSortedMatrix](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/TestSearchInARowAndColWiseSortedMatrix.java)
+            * [UnionFindTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/searches/UnionFindTest.java)
           * sorts
             * [BeadSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BeadSortTest.java)
             * [BinaryInsertionSortTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/sorts/BinaryInsertionSortTest.java)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/SingleElement.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+/**
+ * Utility class to find the single non-duplicate element from an array
+ * where all other elements appear twice.
+ * <p>
+ * The algorithm runs in O(n) time complexity and O(1) space complexity
+ * using bitwise XOR.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author <a href="http://github.com/tuhinm2002">Tuhin M</a>
+ */
+public final class SingleElement {
+
+    /**
+     * Private constructor to prevent instantiation of this utility class.
+     * Throws an UnsupportedOperationException if attempted.
+     */
+    private SingleElement() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Utility Class");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the single non-duplicate element in an array where every other
+     * element appears exactly twice. Uses bitwise XOR to achieve O(n) time
+     * complexity and O(1) space complexity.
+     *
+     * @param arr the input array containing integers where every element
+     *            except one appears exactly twice
+     * @return the single non-duplicate element
+     */
+    public static int findSingleElement(int[] arr) {
+        int ele = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+            ele ^= arr[i];
+        }
+        return ele;
+    }
+}