Auto merge of #118487 - RalfJung:exposed-provenance, r=thomcc

move exposed-provenance APIs into separate feature gate

We have already stated explicitly for all the 'exposed' functions that

> Using this method means that code is *not* following strict provenance rules.

However, they were part of the same feature gate and still described as part of the strict provenance experiment. Unfortunately, their semantics are much less clear and certainly nowhere near stabilization, so in preparation for an attempt to stabilize the strict provenance APIs, I suggest we split the things related to "exposed" into their own feature gate. I also used this opportunity to better explain how Exposed Provenance fits into the larger plan here: this is *one possible candidate* for `as` semantics, but we don't know if it is actually viable, so we can't really promise that it is equivalent to `as`. If it works out we probably want to make `as` equivalent to the 'exposed' APIs; if it doesn't, we will remove them again and try to find some other semantics for `as`.

Author: bors