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lectures/inequality.md

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@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ data = data.T # Obtain years as rows
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data_usa = data['USA'] # pd.Series of US data
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```
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Let us zoom on the US data so we can more clearly observe trends.
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Let us take a look at the data for the US.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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---
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plt.show()
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```
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Looking at each data series we see an outlier in Gini coefficient computed for 1965 for `labour income`.
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We will smooth our data and take an average of the data either side of it for the time being.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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ginis["l_income"][1965] = (ginis["l_income"][1962] + ginis["l_income"][1968]) / 2
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```
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Now we can compare net wealth and labour income.
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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---
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mystnb:
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figure:
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caption: Gini coefficients of US net wealth and labour income
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name: gini_wealth_us2
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---
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fig, ax = plt.subplots()
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ax.plot(years, ginis["n_wealth"], marker='o', label="net wealth")
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ax.plot(years, ginis["l_income"], marker='o', label="labour income")
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ax.set_xlabel("year")
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ax.set_ylabel("Gini coefficient")
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ax.legend()
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plt.show()
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```
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We see that, by this measure, inequality in both wealth and income has risen
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substantially since 1980.
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The wealth time series exhibits a strong U-shape.
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### Cross-country comparisons of income inequality
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As we saw earlier in this lecture we used `wbgapi` to get Gini data across many countries and saved it in a variable called `gini_all`
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Earlier in this lecture we used `wbgapi` to get Gini data across many countries and saved it in a variable called `gini_all`
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In this section we will compare a few western economies and look at the evolution in their respective Gini coefficients
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In this section we will compare a few Western economies and look at the evolution in their respective Gini coefficients
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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data = gini_all.unstack()
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There are 167 countries represented in this dataset.
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Let us compare three western economies: USA, United Kingdom, and Norway
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Let us compare three Western economies: USA, United Kingdom, and Norway
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```{code-cell} ipython3
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---
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This figure is built using `plotly` and is {ref}` available on the website <fig:plotly-gini-gdppc-years>`
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```
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This plot shows that all three western economies GDP per capita has grown over time with some fluctuations
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This plot shows that all three Western economies GDP per capita has grown over time with some fluctuations
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in the Gini coefficient.
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From the early 80's the United Kingdom and the US economies both saw increases in income

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