PrintTopViewofTree.java

package com.thealgorithms.datastructures.trees; // Java program to print top view of Binary tree

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

// Class for a tree node
class TreeNode {

    // Members

    int key;
    TreeNode left, right;

    // Constructor
    TreeNode(int key) {
        this.key = key;
        left = null;
        right = null;
    }
}

// A class to represent a queue item. The queue is used to do Level
// order traversal. Every Queue item contains node and horizontal
// distance of node from root
class QItem {

    TreeNode node;
    int hd;

    QItem(TreeNode n, int h) {
        node = n;
        hd = h;
    }
}

// Class for a Binary Tree
class Tree {

    TreeNode root;

    // Constructors
    Tree() {
        root = null;
    }

    Tree(TreeNode n) {
        root = n;
    }

    // This method prints nodes in top view of binary tree
    public void printTopView() {
        // base case
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }

        // Creates an empty hashset
        HashSet<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();

        // Create a queue and add root to it
        Queue<QItem> Q = new LinkedList<QItem>();
        Q.add(new QItem(root, 0)); // Horizontal distance of root is 0

        // Standard BFS or level order traversal loop
        while (!Q.isEmpty()) {
            // Remove the front item and get its details
            QItem qi = Q.remove();
            int hd = qi.hd;
            TreeNode n = qi.node;

            // If this is the first node at its horizontal distance,
            // then this node is in top view
            if (!set.contains(hd)) {
                set.add(hd);
                System.out.print(n.key + " ");
            }

            // Enqueue left and right children of current node
            if (n.left != null) {
                Q.add(new QItem(n.left, hd - 1));
            }
            if (n.right != null) {
                Q.add(new QItem(n.right, hd + 1));
            }
        }
    }
}

// Driver class to test above methods
public final class PrintTopViewofTree {
    private PrintTopViewofTree() {
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /* Create following Binary Tree
       1
     /  \
    2    3
     \
      4
       \
        5
         \
          6*/
        TreeNode root = new TreeNode(1);
        root.left = new TreeNode(2);
        root.right = new TreeNode(3);
        root.left.right = new TreeNode(4);
        root.left.right.right = new TreeNode(5);
        root.left.right.right.right = new TreeNode(6);
        Tree t = new Tree(root);
        System.out.println("Following are nodes in top view of Binary Tree");
        t.printTopView();
    }
}