feat: Add ClearLeftmostSetBit new algorithm with Junit tests (TheAlgorithms#5702)

Author: Hardvan

DIRECTORY.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
             * [WordSearch](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordSearch.java)
           * bitmanipulation
             * [BitSwap](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BitSwap.java)
+            * [ClearLeftmostSetBit](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ClearLeftmostSetBit.java)
             * [CountSetBits](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/CountSetBits.java)
             * [HighestSetBit](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/HighestSetBit.java)
             * [IndexOfRightMostSetBit](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/IndexOfRightMostSetBit.java)
@@ -355,6 +356,7 @@
             * [JosephusProblem](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/JosephusProblem.java)
             * [JugglerSequence](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/JugglerSequence.java)
             * [KaprekarNumbers](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KaprekarNumbers.java)
+            * [KaratsubaMultiplication](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KaratsubaMultiplication.java)
             * [KeithNumber](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KeithNumber.java)
             * [KrishnamurthyNumber](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KrishnamurthyNumber.java)
             * [LeastCommonMultiple](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/LeastCommonMultiple.java)
@@ -646,6 +648,7 @@
             * [WordSearchTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/backtracking/WordSearchTest.java)
           * bitmanipulation
             * [BitSwapTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/BitSwapTest.java)
+            * [ClearLeftmostSetBitTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ClearLeftmostSetBitTest.java)
             * [CountSetBitsTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/CountSetBitsTest.java)
             * [HighestSetBitTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/HighestSetBitTest.java)
             * [IndexOfRightMostSetBitTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/IndexOfRightMostSetBitTest.java)
@@ -905,6 +908,7 @@
             * [HeronsFormulaTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/HeronsFormulaTest.java)
             * [JosephusProblemTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/JosephusProblemTest.java)
             * [KaprekarNumbersTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KaprekarNumbersTest.java)
+            * [KaratsubaMultiplicationTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/KaratsubaMultiplicationTest.java)
             * [LeastCommonMultipleTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/LeastCommonMultipleTest.java)
             * [LeonardoNumberTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/LeonardoNumberTest.java)
             * [LiouvilleLambdaFunctionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/maths/LiouvilleLambdaFunctionTest.java)
@@ -989,6 +993,7 @@
             * [RemoveDuplicateFromStringTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/RemoveDuplicateFromStringTest.java)
             * [ReverseStackUsingRecursionTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/ReverseStackUsingRecursionTest.java)
             * [SkylineProblemTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SkylineProblemTest.java)
+            * [SudokuTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/SudokuTest.java)
             * [TestPrintMatrixInSpiralOrder](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TestPrintMatrixInSpiralOrder.java)
             * [TwoPointersTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/TwoPointersTest.java)
             * [WorstFitCPUTest](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Java/blob/master/src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/others/WorstFitCPUTest.java)

src/main/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ClearLeftmostSetBit.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+/**
+ * ClearLeftmostSetBit class contains a method to clear the leftmost set bit of a number.
+ * The leftmost set bit is the leftmost bit that is set to 1 in the binary representation of a number.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ * 26 (11010) -> 10 (01010)
+ * 1 (1) -> 0 (0)
+ * 7 (111) -> 3 (011)
+ * 6 (0110) -> 2 (0010)
+ *
+ * @author Hardvan
+ */
+public final class ClearLeftmostSetBit {
+    private ClearLeftmostSetBit() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the leftmost set bit (1) of a given number.
+     * Step 1: Find the position of the leftmost set bit
+     * Step 2: Create a mask with all bits set except for the leftmost set bit
+     * Step 3: Clear the leftmost set bit using AND with the mask
+     *
+     * @param num The input number.
+     * @return The number after clearing the leftmost set bit.
+     */
+    public static int clearLeftmostSetBit(int num) {
+        int pos = 0;
+        int temp = num;
+        while (temp > 0) {
+            temp >>= 1;
+            pos++;
+        }
+
+        int mask = ~(1 << (pos - 1));
+        return num & mask;
+    }
+}

src/test/java/com/thealgorithms/bitmanipulation/ClearLeftmostSetBitTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package com.thealgorithms.bitmanipulation;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+public class ClearLeftmostSetBitTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClearLeftmostSetBit() {
+        assertEquals(10, ClearLeftmostSetBit.clearLeftmostSetBit(26)); // 11010 -> 01010
+        assertEquals(0, ClearLeftmostSetBit.clearLeftmostSetBit(1)); // 1 -> 0
+        assertEquals(3, ClearLeftmostSetBit.clearLeftmostSetBit(7)); // 111 -> 011
+        assertEquals(2, ClearLeftmostSetBit.clearLeftmostSetBit(6)); // 0110 -> 0010
+    }
+}